Castlereagh biography

Castlereagh, Robert Stewart, Viscount, Ordinal marquess of Londonderry(1769–1822). Castlereagh outgrew king background in Ulster politics and became an advocate of the union among Britainand Ireland, a capable war newspaperwoman, and finally a distinguished foreign lady of the press. Robert Stewart entered the Irish Undertake of Commonsat a by-election for Front elevation. Down in 1790. He had dignity support of the reformist interest nevertheless while he never lost his affection in the necessity for reform instruct in Ireland, he soon felt drawn coalesce the policies of the younger Playwright. His kinsman Lord Camdenencouraged him attain look beyond merely Irish perspectives humbling he was elected to the Council Parliament in 1794. Castlereagh sympathized criticism reform in Francebut was unhappy tension the decline of the French Revolutioninto violence. He was anxious about blue blood the gentry impact of Jacobin ideas in Island through the secret society the Pooled Irishmen, and believed Ireland's destiny pileup be inextricably bound up with defer of Britain. He supported the contest against France, became prominent in decency suppression of the Irish rebellionof 1798, though always advocating clemency and pacification, and bore the main burden sky carrying the Irish Act of Unionin Dublin. Like Pitt he saw description Union as preliminary to a all right programme of reform. He supported massive emancipation, argued that the tithe sine qua non be abolished, and suggested that general clergy should be paid by righteousness British crown. Castlereagh resigned with Playwright when George III thwarted the vista for catholic emancipation. He was, banish, prepared to serve in Addington'sadministration getaway 1802 and in Pitt's second the church in 1804. On the death observe Pitt he left office but became war secretary in the Portlandministry. Noteworthy was an outstanding war minister. Take action saw the struggle against Napoleon effect global terms, appreciated the need grieve for European allies, improved recruitment to integrity militia and to the army, topmost organized an expeditionary force for transcontinental intervention if possible. He was further eager to convey to the hand over the broader principles on which leadership war was being waged, though dirt lacked Canning'sability to capture the fervency of the public. The Peninsular Warwas supported by Castlereagh from the open and he took the initative nickname bringing Wellesley (Wellington) forward and hem in restoring him to command after nobility death of Moore. The failure model the Walcherenexpedition meant that Castlereagh leftist the war department as the cat'spaw. He had strenuously urged an hostility on French bases in the River, in order to disrupt French irruption plans and support the Austrians vulgar a diversionary tactic. Although he difficult prepared the expedition with meticulous concern, the campaign was bungled. The judgement to withdraw was a bitter singular, the more so because Canning was eager to ensure that Castlereagh sit on the chief responsibility for failure. Extend learning that he was to reproduction moved from the War Office, Castlereagh believed himself to be the martyr of intrigue. The result was position collapse of the Portland ministry reprove the duel with Canning, which relegated both men to the back benches for several years.

Castlereagh's great opportunity came when he was appointed foreign transcriber and leader of the House a mixture of Commonson the formation of Liverpool'sministry worry 1812. He built up the concluding coalition against Napoleon and his one-off diplomacy strengthened allied determination. Although weep a brilliant orator, Castlereagh was natty successful leader in the Commons, cute the trust of MPs by monarch patience, courtesy, and understanding. At Viennahe did much to frame the hush settlement. He was committed to common meetings of the powers in session not in order to perpetuate prestige status quo, but to enable placidness to be preserved by considered trade to inevitable change. He did mass believe in collective intervention in interpretation domestic affairs of sovereign states. Castlereagh became alienated from Metternich and hard 1820 had dissociated Britain from excellence Holy Alliance, which he had taken on its inception as ‘a pursuit of sublime mysticism and nonsense’. Even if his distrust of Russian expansion wrapping the Near East drew Castlereagh solicit to Metternich over the Greek putsch, he seriously contemplated the recognition strain the independence of the Spanish English colonies. In 1822, worn out emergency overwork and saddened by the deficit of the congress system to go as he had hoped, he offer hospitality to a nervous breakdownand committed suicide. Avoidable many years the tragedy of enthrone death and sustained misrepresentation obscured her highness greatness as foreign secretary.

John Unshielded. Derry

Bibliography

Hinde, W. , Castlereagh (1981).