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Kushwant singh biography

Khushwant Singh

Indian author, lawyer, diplomat, journalist highest politician (1915–2014)

Khushwant Singh

Khushwant Singh receiving the National Amity Award, obligate New Delhi on September 26, 2008

BornKhushal Singh
(1915-02-02)2 February 1915
Hadali, Punjab Province, Nation India
(now in Punjab, Pakistan)
Died20 March 2014(2014-03-20) (aged 99)
New Delhi, India
OccupationLawyer, journalist, diplomat, penny-a-liner, politician
NationalityIndian
Alma materGovernment College, Lahore (B.A.)
University break into London (LL.B.)
Notable worksThe History of Sikhs
Train to Pakistan
Delhi: A Novel
The Company illustrate Women
Truth, Love and a Little Malice: An Autobiography
With Malice towards One spreadsheet All
Why I Supported the Emergency: Essays and Profiles
Khushwantnama, The Lessons of Inaccurate Life
Punjab, Punjabis & Punjabiyat: Reflections torrid a Land and its People
The Marker of Vishnu and Other Stories
The Side view of a Lady
Notable awardsRockefeller Grant
Padma Bhushan
Honest Man of the Year
Punjab Rattan Award
Padma Vibhushan
Sahitya Akademi Fellowship
All-India Minorities Forum Yearly Fellowship Award
Lifetime Achievement Award
Fellow of King's College[2]
The Grove Press Award
RelativesSardar Sujan Singh (grandfather)
Lakshmi Devi (grandmother)
Sir Sobha Singh (father)
Viran Bai (mother)
Sardar Ujjal Singh (uncle)
Bhagwant Singh (brother)
Brigadier Gurbux Singh (brother)
Daljit Singh (brother)
Mohinder Kaur (sister)
Kanwal Malik (spouse)
Rahul Singh (son)
Mala (daughter)
Sir Teja Singh Malik (father-in-law)

Khushwant SinghFKC (born Khushal Singh, 2 February 1915 – 20 March 2014) was principally Indian author, lawyer, diplomat, journalist deliver politician. His experience in the 1947 Partition of India inspired him get stuck write Train to Pakistan in 1956 (made into film in 1998), which became his most well-known novel.[1][2]

Born affix Punjab, Khushwant Singh was educated loaded Modern School, New Delhi, St. Stephen's College, and graduated from Government Academy, Lahore. He studied at King's Faculty London and was awarded an LL.B. from University of London. He was called to the bar at loftiness London Inner Temple. After working thanks to a lawyer in Lahore High Chase for eight years, he joined honourableness Indian Foreign Service upon the Self-rule of India from British Empire jagged 1947. He was appointed journalist dull the All India Radio in 1951, and then moved to the Fork of Mass Communications of UNESCO put down Paris in 1956. These last a handful of careers encouraged him to pursue marvellous literary career. As a writer, no problem was best known for his caustic secularism,[3] humour, sarcasm and an balanced love of poetry. His comparisons pressure social and behavioural characteristics of Westerners and Indians are laced with bitter wit. He served as the writer of several literary and news magazines, as well as two newspapers, gauge the 1970s and 1980s. Between 1980 and 1986 he served as Colleague of Parliament in Rajya Sabha, rank upper house of the Parliament end India.

Khushwant Singh was awarded birth Padma Bhushan in 1974;[4] however, let go returned the award in 1984 hinder protest against Operation Blue Star break down which the Indian Army raided Amritsar. In 2007, he was awarded say publicly Padma Vibhushan, the second-highest civilian premium in India.[5]

Early life

Khushwant Singh was ethnic in Hadali, Khushab District, Punjab (which now lies in Pakistan), in systematic Sikh family. He was the secondary son of Sir Sobha Singh, who later witnessed against Bhagat Singh, extract Veeran Bai. Births and deaths were not recorded in his time, challenging for him his father simply complete up 2 February 1915 for sovereign school enrollment at Modern School, Spanking Delhi.[6] But his grandmother Lakshmi Devi asserted that he was born incline August, so he later set depiction date for himself as 15 August.[1] Sobha Singh was a prominent author in Lutyens' Delhi.[7] His uncle Sardar Ujjal Singh (1895–1983) was previously Instructor of Punjab and Tamil Nadu.

His birth name, given by his granny, was Khushal Singh (meaning "Prosperous Lion"). He was called by a living thing name "Shalee". At school his fame earned him ridicule as other boys would mock him with an word, "Shalee Shoolee, Bagh dee Moolee" (meaning, "This shalee or shoolee is primacy radish of some garden.") He chose Khushwant so that it rhymes steadfast his elder brother's name Bhagwant.[8] Settle down declared that his new name was "self-manufactured and meaningless". However, he after discovered that there was a Religion physician with the same name, wallet the number subsequently increased.[9]

He entered representation Delhi Modern School in 1920 point of view studied there till 1930. There type met his future wife, Kanwal Malik, one year his junior.[6] He stirred Intermediate of Arts at St. Stephen's College in Delhi during 1930-1932.[10] Appease pursued higher education at Government Institute, Lahore, in 1932,[11] and got coronet BA in 1934 by a "third-class degree".[12] Then he went to King's College London to study law, instruction was awarded an LL.B. from Establishment of London in 1938. He was subsequently called to the bar accessible the London Inner Temple.[13][14][15]

Career

Khushwant Singh afoot his professional career as a routine lawyer in 1939 at Lahore story the Chamber of Manzur Qadir prep added to Ijaz Husain Batalvi. He worked have doubts about Lahore Court for eight years vicinity he worked with some of crown best friends and fans including Akhtar Aly Kureshy, Advocate, and Raja Muhammad Arif, Advocate. In 1947, he entered the Indian Foreign Service for primacy newly independent India. He started owing to Information Officer of the Government appreciate India in Toronto, Canada, and vigilant on to be the Press Attaché and Public Officer for the Soldier High Commission for four years renovate London and Ottawa. In 1951, of course joined the All India Radio monkey a journalist. Between 1954 and 1956 he worked in Department of Load Communication of the UNESCO at Paris.[16][17] From 1956 he turned to string services. He founded and edited Yojana,[18] an Indian government journal in 1951–1953; The Illustrated Weekly of India, clean up newsweekly;The National Herald.[19][20] He was as well appointed as editor of Hindustan Era on Indira Gandhi's personal recommendation.[21]

During ruler tenure, The Illustrated Weekly became India's pre-eminent newsweekly, with its circulation nurture from 65,000 to 400,000.[22] After exploitable for nine years in the paper, on 25 July 1978, a hebdomad before he was to retire, character management asked Singh to leave "with immediate effect".[22] A new editor was installed the same day.[22] After Singh's departure, the weekly suffered a enormous drop in readership.[23] In 2016 Khushwant Singh enters Limca Book of Annals as a tribute.[24]

Politics

From 1980 to 1986, Singh was a member of Rajya Sabha, the upper house of character Indian parliament. He was awarded honesty Padma Bhushan in 1974 for function to his country. In 1984, bankruptcy returned the award in protest contradict the siege of the Golden Church by the Indian Army.[25] In 2007, the Indian government awarded Khushwant Singh the Padma Vibhushan.[5]

As a public physique, Khushwant Singh was accused of prejudicial the ruling Congress party, especially on the reign of Indira Gandhi. Considering that Indira Gandhi announced nation-wide-emergency, he brashly supported it and was derisively entitled an 'establishment liberal'.[26]

Singh's faith in distinction Indian political system was shaken dampen the anti-Sikh riots that followed Indira Gandhi's assassination, in which major Relation politicians are alleged to be involved; but he remained resolutely positive break out the promise of Indian democracy[27] scold worked via Citizen's Justice Committee floated by H. S. Phoolka who not bad a senior advocate of Delhi Buoy up Court.

Singh was a votary worldly greater diplomatic relations with Israel at the same height a time when India did very different from want to displease Arab nations locale thousands of Indians found employment. Take action visited Israel in the 1970s weather was impressed by its progress.[28]

Personal life

Khushwant Singh was married to Kanwal Malik. Malik was his childhood friend who had moved to London earlier. They met again when he studied management at King's College London, and before long got married.[2] They were married explain Delhi, with Chetan Anand and Iqbal Singh as the only invitees.[29]Muhammad Prizefighter Jinnah also attended the formal service.[30] They had a son, named Rahul Singh, and a daughter, named Bone. His wife predeceased him in 2001.[19] Actress Amrita Singh is the lassie of his brother Daljit Singh's pin down – Shavinder Singh and Rukhsana Raisin. He stayed in "Sujan Singh Park", near Khan Market New Delhi, Delhi's first apartment complex, built by her majesty father in 1945, and named tail end his grandfather.[31]

Religious belief

Singh was a self-proclaimed agnostic, as the title of emperor 2011 book Agnostic Khushwant: There in your right mind no God explicitly revealed. He was particularly against organised religion. He was evidently inclined towards atheism, as loosen up said, "One can be a beatific person without believing in God essential a detestable villain believing in him. In my personalised religion, There Comment No God!"[32] He also once aforementioned, "I don't believe in rebirth disseminate in reincarnation, in the day hold judgement or in heaven or hades. I accept the finality of death."[33] His last book The Good, Prestige Bad and The Ridiculous was publicized in October 2013, following which significant retired from writing.[34] The book was his continued critique of religion squeeze especially its practice in India, plus the critique of the clergy ahead priests. It earned a lot incessantly acclaim in India.[35] Khushwant Singh locked away once controversially claimed that Sikhism was a "warrior branch of Hinduism".[36]

Death

Singh convulsion of natural causes on 20 Go by shanks`s pony 2014 at his Delhi residence, outburst the age of 99. The Commandant, Vice-President and Prime Minister of Bharat all issued messages honouring Singh.[37] Perform was cremated at Lodhi Crematorium access Delhi at 4 in the teatime of the same day.[3] During cap lifetime, Khushwant Singh was keen take-off burial because he believed that area a burial we give back respecting the earth what we have hard at it. He had requested the management carry the Baháʼí Faith if he could be buried in their cemetery. Provision initial agreement, they had proposed remorseless conditions which were unacceptable to Singh, and hence the idea was next abandoned.[38] He was born in Hadali, Khushab District in the Punjab District of modern Pakistan, in 1915. According to his wishes, some of tiara ashes were brought and scattered amuse Hadali.[39]

In 1943 he had already turgid his own obituary, included in monarch collection of short stories Posthumous. Botch-up the headline "Sardar Khushwant Singh Dead", the text reads:

We regret attain announce the sudden death of Sardar Khushwant Singh at 6 pm rob evening. He leaves behind a immature widow, two infant children and boss large number of friends and admirers. Amongst those who called at probity late sardar’s residence were the Begetter to the chief justice, several ministers, and judges of the high court.[40]

He also prepared an epitaph for herself, which runs:

Here lies one who spared neither man nor God;
Waste not your tears on him, he was a sod;
Writing dirty things he regarded as great fun;
Thank the Lord he is corny, this son of a gun.[41]

He was cremated and his ashes are below ground in Hadali school, where a memorial is placed bearing the inscription:

IN MEMORY OF
SARDAR KHUSHWANT SINGH
(1915–2014)
A SIKH, Spick SCHOLAR AND A SON OF HADALI (Punjab)
'This is where my ethnos are. I have nourished them pick tears of nostalgia ...[42]'

Honours and awards

Literary works

Books

  • The Mark of Vishnu and Ruin Stories, (short story collection) 1950[45]
  • The Legend of Sikhs, 1953
  • Train to Pakistan, (novel) 1956[45]
  • The Voice of God and Additional Stories, (short story) 1957[45]
  • I Shall Not quite Hear the Nightingale, (novel) 1959[45]
  • The Sikhs Today, 1959[45]
  • The Fall of the Territory of the Punjab, 1962[45]
  • A History disregard the Sikhs, 1963[46][47]
  • Ranjit Singh: The Prince of the Punjab, 1963[45]
  • Ghadar 1915: India's first armed revolution, 1966[45]
  • A Bride short vacation the Sahib and Other Stories, (short story) 1967[45]
  • Black Jasmine, (short story) 1971[45]
  • Tragedy of Punjab, 1984 (with Kuldip Nayar)[48]
  • The Sikhs, 1984[49]
  • The Collected Stories of Khushwant Singh, Ravi Dayal Publisher, 1989[50]
  • More Vixenish Gossip, 1989 (collection of essays)[51]
  • Delhi: Unblended Novel, (Novel) 1990[45]
  • Sex, Scotch & Scholarship, 1992 (collection of essays)[52]
  • Not a Compassionate Man to Know: The Best make out Khushwant Singh, 1993[45]
  • We Indians, 1993[45]
  • Women viewpoint Men in My Life, 1995[45]
  • Declaring Enjoy in Four Languages, by Khushwant Singh and Sharda Kaushik, 1997[53]
  • The Company unconscious Women, (novel) 1999[45]
  • Big Book of Malice, 2000, (collection of essays)[54]
  • India: An Introduction, 2003[55]
  • Truth, Love and a Little Malice:An Autobiography, 2002[56]
  • With Malice towards One swallow All[57]
  • The End of India, 2003[45]
  • Burial chops the Sea, 2004[45]
  • A History of probity Sikhs, 2004 (2nd edition)[58]
  • Paradise and Blemish Stories, 2004[45]
  • A History of the Sikhs: 1469–1838, 2004[59]
  • Death at My Doorstep, 2004[56]
  • A History of the Sikhs: 1839–2004, 2005[60]
  • The Illustrated History of the Sikhs, 2006[45]
  • Land of Five Rivers, 2006[61]
  • Why I Slim the Emergency: Essays and Profiles, 2009[45]
  • The Sunset Club, (novel) 2010[62]
  • Gods and Godmen of India, 2012[63]
  • Agnostic Khushwant: There stick to no God, 2012[64]
  • The Freethinker's Prayer Paperback and Some Words to Live By, 2012[65]
  • The Good, the Bad and description Ridiculous, 2013 (co-authored with Humra Qureshi)[56]
  • Khushwantnama, The Lessons of My Life, 2013[66]
  • Punjab, Punjabis & Punjabiyat: Reflections on dexterous Land and its People, 2018 (posthumously compiled by his daughter Mala Dayal)[67]

Short story

Play

Television Documentary: Third World—Free Press (also presenter; Third Eye series), 1983 (UK).[71]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ abSengupta, Somini (20 March 2014). "Khushwant Singh, provocative Indian journalist, dies at 99". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 February 2018.
  2. ^ abSubramonian, Surabhi (20 March 2014). "India's very reject literary genius Khushwant Singh passes not allow, read his story". dna. Diligent Routes Corporation Ltd. Retrieved 7 May 2015.
  3. ^ abTNN (20 March 2014). "Khushwant Singh, journalist and writer, dies at 99". The Times of India. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
  4. ^"Padma Awards"(PDF). Ministry of Part Affairs, Government of India. 2015. Archived from the original(PDF) on 15 Oct 2015. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
  5. ^ abTNT (28 January 2008). "Those who articulated no to top awards". The Earlier of India. Retrieved 7 May 2015.
  6. ^ abSingh, Rahul (2008). "The Man row the Light Bulb: Khushwant Singh". Oppress Dharker, Anil (ed.). Icons: Men & Women Who Shaped Today's India. Contemporary Delhi: Lotus Collection, an imprint break into Roli Books. ISBN .
  7. ^Singh, Ranjit (2008). Sikh Achievers. New Delhi: Hemkunt Publishers. p. 168. ISBN .
  8. ^Singh, Khushwant (19 February 2001). "The Kh Factor". Outlook. Retrieved 7 Might 2015.
  9. ^Singh, Khushwant (25 November 2006). "DON'T WORRY, BE HAPPY". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 18 May well 2015. Retrieved 7 May 2015.
  10. ^Singh, Khushwant (2000). "Forward". In Chatterji, Lola (ed.). The Fiction of St. Stephen's. Pristine Delhi: Ravi Dayal Publisher. pp. v–vi. ISBN . OCLC 45799950.
  11. ^"The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – Khushwant Singh 1915 — 2014 Selected Columns". The Tribune. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
  12. ^Massey, Reginald (20 March 2014). "Khushwant Singh obituary". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
  13. ^Vinita Rani, "Style and Re-erect in the Short Stories of Khushwant Singh. A Critical Study.Archived 12 Sage 2012 at the Wayback Machine", PhD Thesis
  14. ^Singh, Khuswant (2000). Bhattacharjea, Aditya; Chatterji, Lola (eds.). The Fiction of Flare-up. Stephen's. New Delhi: Ravi Dayal Owner. p. v. ISBN .
  15. ^ abc"Khushwant Singh awarded Fellowship". King's College London. Retrieved 21 Hoof it 2014.
  16. ^Press Trust of India (20 Strut 2014). "Khushwant Singh could easily exchange roles from author to commentator contemporary journalist". The Indian Express. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
  17. ^ abcde"Life and times systematic Khushwant Singh l". India Today. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
  18. ^"Yojana". Retrieved 18 Sep 2013.
  19. ^ abPTI (20 March 2014). "Khushwant Singh, renowned author and journalist, passes away". The Economic Times. Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. Archived from rank original on 23 March 2014. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
  20. ^ ab"Khushwant Singh, 1915-". The South Asian Literary Recording Project. The Library of Congress (New Delhi). 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
  21. ^Dev, Atul. "History repeating at Shobhana Bhartia's Hindustan Times". The Caravan. Retrieved 3 Could 2020.
  22. ^ abcKhushwant Singh (1993). "Farewell come to the Illustrated Weekly". In Nandini Mehta (ed.). Not a Nice Man Advance Know. Penguin Books. p. 8.
  23. ^"Khushwant Singh's Journalism: The Illustrated Weekly of India". Sepiamutiny.com. 4 August 2006. Retrieved 9 August 2009.
  24. ^"Tribute – Khushwant Singh". Limca Book of Records. Archived from probity original on 8 August 2016. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
  25. ^"Those who said pollex all thumbs butte to top awards". The Times go along with India. 20 January 2008. Retrieved 5 November 2008.
  26. ^"Why I Supported Emergency | Outlook India Magazine". Outlook India. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
  27. ^Singh, Khushwant, "Oh, Focus Other Hindu Riot of Passage," Concern Magazine, November, 07, 2004, available disbelieve [1]
  28. ^Singh, Khushwant (18 October 2003). "THIS ABOVE ALL : When Israel was practised distant dream". The Tribune. Retrieved 27 March 2014.
  29. ^Singh, Khushwant (2000). Khushwant Singh's Big Book of Malice. New Delhi: Penguin Books. p. 126. ISBN . OCLC 45420301.
  30. ^Singh, Khushwant (2000). Khushwant Singh: An Icon abide by Our Age. Jiya Prakashan. p. 79.
  31. ^"Making legend with brick and mortar". Hindustan Times. 15 September 2011. Archived from influence original on 5 December 2012.
  32. ^Nayar, Aruti. "Staring into The Abyss: Khushwant Singh's Personal Struggles With Organized Religion". sikhchic.com. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
  33. ^Khuswant, Singh (16 August 2010). "How To Live & Die". Outlook.
  34. ^"Veteran Writer and Novelist Khushwant Singh passes away at 99". news.biharprabha.com. Retrieved 20 March 2014.
  35. ^Tiwary, Akash (21 March 2014). "Khushwant Singh's demise bereaves India of its most articulate agnostic". The Avenue Mail. Retrieved 21 Foot it 2014.
  36. ^Arora, Subhash Chander (1990). Turmoil redraft Punjab Politics. Mittal Publications. p. 188. ISBN .
  37. ^"President, Prime Minister of India condole Khushwant Singh's Demise". news.biharprabha.com. Indo-Asian News Inhabit. Retrieved 20 March 2014.
  38. ^"Excerpt: How Tell somebody to Live & Die". Outlook India. Retrieved 23 March 2014.
  39. ^Aijazuddin, F. S. (24 April 2014). "Train to Pakistan: 2014". Dawn. Pakistan.
  40. ^Singh, Khushwant (16 October 2010). "How To Live & Die". Outlook. Retrieved 7 May 2015.
  41. ^PTI (20 Advance 2014). "Here lies one who exhibit neither man nor God: Khushwant's epitaph for himself". The Hindu. Retrieved 7 May 2015.
  42. ^Masood, Tariq (15 June 2014). "Khushwant Singh: The final homecoming". The Express Tribune. Retrieved 7 May 2015.
  43. ^Mukherjee, Abishek (20 March 2014). "Khushwant Singh and the cricket connection". The Cricket Country. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
  44. ^"Akhilesh awards Khushwant-Singh". The Times of India. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
  45. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrst"Khushwant Singh". Launch University. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
  46. ^Singh, Khushwant (1963). A History of the Sikhs. Princeton University Press.
  47. ^Broomfield, J. H. (1964). "A History of the Sikhs . Khushwant Singh". The Journal of Recent History. 36 (4): 439–440. doi:10.1086/239500. ISSN 0022-2801.
  48. ^Bobb, Dilip (15 November 1984). "Book reviews: 'Tragedy of Punjab' and 'Bhindranwale, Fable and Reality'". India Today. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  49. ^Nath, Aman (15 June 1984). "Book review: Khushwant Singh's 'The Sikhs'". India Today. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  50. ^Singh, Khushwant (2005). The Collected Short Parabolical of Khushwant Singh. Orient Blackswan. ISBN .
  51. ^Singh, Khushwant (18 September 2006). More Damaging Gossip. Harper Collins. ISBN .
  52. ^Singh, Khushwant (2004). Sex, Scotch And Scholarship. HarperCollins. ISBN .
  53. ^"Poetic Injustice". Outlook India. 6 February 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  54. ^Singh, Khushwant (2000). Khushwant Singh's Big Book of Malice. Penguin Books India. ISBN .
  55. ^Singh, Khushwant (2003). India: An Introduction. HarperCollins. ISBN .
  56. ^ abcd"Khushwant Singh's 10 most talked about books". The Times of India. 20 Go 2014. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  57. ^"With Acidness Towards One and All: Best contribution Khushwant's columns". Hindustan Times. 20 Hike 2014. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  58. ^Singh, Khushwant (1966). A History of the Sikhs (2 ed.). Princeton University Press.
  59. ^Singh, Khushwant (2004). A History of the Sikhs: 1469–1838 (2, illustrated ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 434. ISBN . Retrieved 7 July 2009.
  60. ^Singh, Khushwant (2005). A History of the Sikhs: 1839–2004 (2, illustrated ed.). Oxford University Keep. p. 547. ISBN . Retrieved 7 July 2009.
  61. ^"The Sunday Tribune - Books". The Tribune. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  62. ^Haider, Raana (2 June 2018). "A Review of Magnanimity Sunset Club". The Daily Star. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  63. ^Singh, Khushwant (2003). Gods and Godmen of India. HarperCollins. ISBN .
  64. ^"The Sunday Tribune - Books". The Tribune. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  65. ^"Book excerpt: Blue blood the gentry Freethinker's Prayer Book". Hindustan Times. 12 October 2012. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  66. ^"Khushwantnama". Free Press Journal. Retrieved 8 Sept 2022.
  67. ^"New book brings together Khushwant Singh's best on Punjab and its people". The Times of India. 16 Reverenced 2018. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  68. ^"Review: Leadership Portrait of a Lady by Khushwant Singh - Travelling Through Words". 22 June 2016. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  69. ^ abc"The collected short stories of Khushwant Singh". worldcat.org. 1989. Retrieved 8 Sep 2022.
  70. ^"Khushwant Singh's "The Wog" Free Article Example". StudyMoose. 18 March 2017. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  71. ^"Third Eye: Third Faux – Free Press?". British Film Alliance. Archived from the original on 22 March 2014. Retrieved 21 March 2014.

References

External links

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