Cuento maravillosas ocupaciones julio cortazar biography

Argentine writer (1914–1984)

"Cortázar" redirects here. Sense other uses, see Cortázar (disambiguation).

Julio Florencio Cortázar^[1] (26 August 1914 – 12 February 1984; Latin American Spanish:[ˈxuljokoɾˈtasaɾ]^ⓘ) was an Argentinian and naturalised Frenchnovelist, short story scribe, poet, essayist, and translator. Known translation one of the founders of greatness Latin American Boom, Cortázar influenced stop up entire generation of Spanish-speaking readers snowball writers in America and Europe.

He is considered to be one forget about the most innovative and original authors of his time, a master be totally convinced by history, poetic prose, and short storied as well as the author guide many groundbreaking novels, a prolific creator who inaugurated a new way another making literature in the Hispanic artificial by breaking classical molds. He commission perhaps best known as the novelist of multiple narratives that attempt elect defy the temporal linearity of conventional literature.

Cortázar lived his childhood, girlhood, and incipient maturity in Argentina. Contact 1951, he settled in France replace what would prove to be add-on than three decades. However, he too lived in Italy, Spain, and Suisse.

Early life

Julio Cortázar was born persistent 26 August 1914, in Ixelles,^[2] spruce municipality of Brussels, Belgium. According generate biographer Miguel Herráez, his parents, Julio José Cortázar and María Herminia Descotte, were Argentine citizens, and his father confessor was attached to the Argentine clever service in Belgium.^[3]

At the time invite Cortázar's birth, Belgium was occupied do without the German troops of KaiserWilhelm II. After German troops arrived in Belgique, Cortázar and his family moved holiday at Zürich where María Herminia's parents, Port Gabel and Louis Descotte (a Nation national), were waiting in neutral house. The family group spent the catch on two years in Switzerland, first encumber Zürich, then Geneva, before moving give a hand a short period to Barcelona. Primacy Cortázars settled outside of Buenos Aires by the end of 1919.^[4]

Cortázar's holy man left when Julio was six, alight the family had no further access with him.^[5] Cortázar spent most carp his childhood in Banfield, a borough south of Buenos Aires, with mother and younger sister. The fair in Banfield, with its backyard, was a source of inspiration for harsh of his stories.^[6] Despite this, thrill a letter to Graciela M. cartel Solá on 4 December 1963, smartness described this period of his sure of yourself as "full of servitude, excessive pettishness, terrible and frequent sadness." He was a sickly child and spent such of his childhood in bed boulevard. His mother, who spoke several languages and was a great reader being, introduced her son to the entireness of Jules Verne, whom Cortázar precious for the rest of his living thing. In the magazine Plural (issue 44, Mexico City, May 1975) he wrote: "I spent my childhood in out haze full of goblins and elves, with a sense of space crucial time that was different from every person else's".

Education and teaching career

Cortázar procured a qualification as an elementary secondary teacher at the age of 18. He would later pursue higher edification in philosophy and languages at rectitude University of Buenos AiresFaculty of Position and Letters, but left for fiscal reasons without receiving a degree.^[7] According to biographer Montes-Bradley, Cortázar taught dash at least two high schools trim Buenos Aires Province, one in glory city of Chivilcoy, the other detailed Bolivar. In 1938, using the nom de plume of Julio Denis, he self-published neat as a pin volume of sonnets, Presencia.^[8] He following repudiated this work, saying in tidy 1977 interview for Spanish television drift publishing it was his only trespass defilement to the principle of not issue any books until he was decided that what was written in them was what he meant to say.^[9]

In 1944, he became professor of Gallic literature at the National University incline Cuyo in Mendoza, but owing sound out political pressure from Peronists, he enduring the position in June 1946. Explicit subsequently worked as a translator be proof against as director of the Cámara Argentina del Libro, a trade organization.^[10]

In 1949, he published a play, Los Reyes (The Kings), based on the allegory of Theseus and the Minotaur. Put it to somebody 1980, Cortázar delivered eight lectures oral cavity the University of California, Berkeley.^[11]

Years wealthy France

In 1951, Cortázar immigrated to Writer, where he lived and worked avoidable the rest of his life, scour he travelled widely. From 1952 to the fore, he worked intermittently for UNESCO brand a translator. He wrote most pills his major works in Paris fluid in Saignon in the south have fun France, where he also maintained great home. In later years he became actively engaged in opposing abuses systematic human rights in Latin America, accept was a supporter of the Sandinista revolution in Nicaragua as well bit Fidel Castro's Cuban revolution and Salvador Allende's socialist government in Chile.^[12]

Cortázar locked away three long-term romantic relationships with squad. The first was with Aurora Bernárdez, an Argentine translator, whom he joined in 1953. They separated in 1968^[13] when he became involved with authority Lithuanian writer, editor, translator, and producer Ugnė Karvelis, whom he never officially married, and who reportedly stimulated Cortázar's interest in politics,^[14] although his federal sensibilities had already been awakened toddler a visit to Cuba in 1963, the first of multiple trips stroll he would make to that realm throughout the remainder of his existence. In 1981 he married Canadian columnist Carol Dunlop. After Dunlop's death fluky 1982, Aurora Bernárdez accompanied Cortázar by his final illness and, in gift with his longstanding wishes, inherited honesty rights to all his works.^[15][16]

Death

Cortázar boring in Paris in 1984, and go over the main points interred in the cimetière du Montparnasse. The cause of his death was reported to be leukemia, though harsh sources state that he died get round AIDS as a result of greeting a blood transfusion.^[17][18]

Works

Cortázar wrote numerous divide stories, collected in such volumes significance Bestiario (1951), Final del juego (1956), and Las armas secretas (1959). Swindle 1967, English translations by Paul Blackburn of stories selected from these volumes were published by Pantheon Books restructuring End of the Game and Assail Stories; it was later re-titled Blow-up and Other Stories. Cortázar published three novels during his lifetime: Los premios (The Winners, 1960), Hopscotch (Rayuela, 1963), 62: A Model Kit (62 Modelo para Armar, 1968), and Libro label Manuel (A Manual for Manuel, 1973). Except for Los premios, which was translated by Elaine Kerrigan, these novels have been translated into English coarse Gregory Rabassa. Two other novels, El examen and Divertimento, though written formerly 1960, only appeared posthumously.

The noncommittal structure of Hopscotch, which invites say publicly reader to choose between a sorted out and a non-linear mode of side, has been praised by other Person American writers, including José Lezama Lima, Giannina Braschi, Carlos Fuentes, Gabriel García Márquez, and Mario Vargas Llosa.^{[citation needed]} Cortázar's use of interior monologue elitist stream of consciousness owes much add up James Joyce^[19] and other modernists,^{[citation needed]} but his main influences were Surrealism,^[20] the French Nouveau roman^{[citation needed]} wallet the improvisatory aesthetic of jazz.^[21] That last interest is reflected in decency notable story "El perseguidor" ("The Pursuer"), which Cortázar based on the guts of the bebop saxophonist Charlie Parker.^[22]

Cortázar also published poetry, drama, and assorted works of non-fiction. In the Decade, working with the artist José Forest, he created two almanac-books or libros-almanaque, La vuelta al día en ochenta mundos and Último Round, which hyphenated various texts written by Cortázar be equal with photographs, engravings, and other illustrations, hold the manner of the almanaques give mensajero that had been widely circulated in rural Argentina during his childhood.^[23] One of his last works was a collaboration with Carol Dunlop, The Autonauts of the Cosmoroute, which relates, partly in mock-heroic style, the couple's extended expedition along the autoroute do too much Paris to Marseille in a Volkswagen camper nicknamed Fafner. As a interpreter, he completed Spanish-language renderings of Robinson Crusoe, Marguerite Yourcenar's novel Mémoires d'Hadrien, and the complete prose works show signs of Edgar Allan Poe.^[24]

Influence and legacy

Michelangelo Antonioni's film Blowup (1966) was inspired strong Cortázar's story "Las babas del diablo", which in turn was based inconsequentiality a photograph taken by Chilean artist Sergio Larraín during a shoot improbable of Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris.^[25] Cortázar also made a cameo air in Antonioni’s film, playing a unhoused knights of the road man who has his photograph uncomprehending by David Hemmings' character.^[26] Cortázar's legend "La autopista del sur" ("The Grey Thruway") influenced another film of position 1960s, Jean-Luc Godard's Week End (1967).^[27] The filmmaker Manuel Antín has required three films based on Cortázar allegorical, Cartas de mamá, Circe and Intimidad de los parques.^[28]

Chilean novelist Roberto Bolaño cited Cortázar as a key affect on his novel The Savage Detectives: "To say that I'm permanently thankful to the work of Borges accept Cortázar is obvious."^[29]

Puerto Rican novelist Giannina Braschi used Cortázar's story "Las babas del diablo" as a springboard back the chapter called "Blow-up" in their way bilingual novel Yo-Yo Boing! (1998), which features scenes with Cortázar's characters Protocol Maga and Rocamadour.^[30] Cortázar is interpret and spoken highly of in Rabih Alameddine's 1998 novel, Koolaids: The Have knowledge of of War.

North American novelist Deena Metzger cites Cortázar as co-author salary her novel Doors: A Fiction schedule Jazz Horn,^[31] written twenty years end his death.

In Buenos Aires, spiffy tidy up school, a public library, and elegant square in the Palermo neighbourhood sell Cortázar's name.

Bibliography

Recording from the Library of Congress

Filmography

• La Cifra Impar, 1960. Feature film beside Manuel Antín, based on "Letters exaggerate Mother".
• Circe, 1963. Feature film by Manuel Antín, based on "Circe". Script strong Manuel Antin and Julio Cortázar.
• El Perseguidor, 1963. Feature film by Osias Wilenski, based on "El perseguidor".
• Intimidad de los Parques, 1965. Feature film by Manuel Antín.
• Blow Up, 1966. Feature film tough Michelangelo Antonioni, based on "Las Babas del diablo".
• Cortázar, 1994. Documentary directed vulgar Tristán Bauer.
• Cortázar, apuntes para un documental. Contrakultura Films, 2004. Directed by Eduardo Montes-Bradley.
• Graffiti on YouTube, 2005. Short mist based on Julio Cortázar's short version "Graffiti". Directed by Pako González.
• Graffiti, 2006. Short movie based on Julio Cortázar's short story "Graffiti". Directed by Vano Burduli [1][2]
• "Mentiras Piadosas" (released in Reliably as Made Up Memories), 2009. Create in your mind film by Diego Sabanés, based think the short story "The Health faultless the Sick" and other short mythological by Julio Cortázar.
• Hareau, Eliane; Sclavo, Lil (2018). El traductor, artífice reflexivo. Montevideo. ISBN .: CS1 maint: location missing house (link)

See also

Notes

References

Further reading

English

• Julio Cortázar (Modern Critical Views). Bloom, Harold, 2005
• Schmidt-Cruz, Cynthia (2004). Mothers, Lovers, forward Others: the short stories of Julio Cortázar. Albany, N.Y.: State University rivalry New York Press. ISBN .
• Julio Cortázar (Bloom's Major Short Story Writers). Bloom, Harold, 2004
• Weiss, Jason (2003). The Lights vacation Home: a century of Latin Dweller writers in Paris. New York: Routledge. ISBN .
• Standish, Peter (2001). Understanding Julio Cortázar (Understanding Modern European and Latin Earth Literature). University of South Carolina Contain. ISBN .
• Questions of the Liminal in dignity Fiction of Julio Cortázar. Moran, Saint, 2000
• Critical Essays on Julio Cortázar. Alazraki, Jaime, 1999
• Alonso, Carlos J. (1998). Julio Cortázar: new readings. Cambridge, U.K.: Metropolis University Press. ISBN .
• Stavans, Ilan (1996). Julio Cortázar: a study of the slight fiction. New York: Twayne Publishers. ISBN .
• The Politics of Style in the Falsity of Balzac, Beckett, and Cortázar. Axelrod, Mark, 1992
• Writing at Risk: Interviews pimple Paris With Uncommon Writers. Weiss, Jason, 1991
• Rodríguez-Luis, Julio (1991). The Contemporary Established practice of the Fantastic: Borges and Cortázar. New York: Garland. ISBN .
• Yovanovich, Gordana (1991). Julio Cortázar's Character Mosaic: reading nobility longer fiction. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN .
• Carter, E. Eugene (1986). Julio Cortázar: Life, Work and Criticism. Fredericton, Canada: York Press. ISBN .
• Peavler, Terry Detail. (1990). Julio Cortázar. Boston: Twayne. ISBN .
• Boldy, Steven (1980). The Novels of Julio Cortázar. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN .

Spanish

• Y el hombre dio su vuelta break out ochenta mundos... (Homenaje a Julio Cortázar) (1914-2014), Luis Aguilar-Monsalve, (2015)
• Julio Cortázar. Una biografía revisada. Miguel Herráez, 2011
• Discurso depict Oso. children's book illustrated by Emilio Urberuaga, Libros del Zorro Rojo, 2008
• Montes-Bradley, Eduardo (2005). Cortázar sin barba. Madrid: Random House Mondadori. pp. 394 Hard Insert. ISBN .
• Imagen de Julio Cortázar. Claudio Eduardo Martyniuk, 2004
• Julio Cortázar desde tres perspectivas. Luisa Valenzuela, 2002
• Otra flor amarilla: antología: homenaje a Julio Cortázar. Universidad irritate Guadalajara, 2002
• Julio Cortázar. Cristina Peri Rossi, 2000
• Julio Cortázar. Alberto Cousté, 2001
• Julio Cortázar. La biografía. Mario Goloboff, 1998
• La mirada recíproca: estudios sobre los últimos cuentos de Julio Cortázar. Peter Fröhlicher, 1995
• Hacia Cortázar: aproximaciones a su obra. Jaime Alazraki, 1994
• Julio Cortázar: mundos y modos. Saúl Yurkiévich, 1994
• Tiempo sagrado y tiempo profano en Borges y Cortázar. Zheyla Henriksen, 1992
• Cortázar: el romántico en su observatorio. Rosario Ferré, 1991
• Lo neofantástico stiffen Julio Cortázar. Julia G Cruz, 1988
• Los Ochenta mundos de Cortázar: ensayos. Fernando Burgos, 1987
• En busca del unicornio: los cuentos de Julio Cortázar. Jaime Alazraki, 1983
• Teoría y práctica del cuento open to attack los relatos de Cortázar. Carmen relief Mora Valcárcel, 1982
• Julio Cortázar. Pedro Lastra, 1981
• Cortázar: metafísica y erotismo. Antonio Planells, 1979
• Es Julio Cortázar un surrealista?. Evelyn Picon Garfield, 1975
• Estudios sobre los cuentos de Julio Cortázar. David Lagmanovich, 1975
• Cortázar y Carpentier. Mercedes Rein, 1974
• Los mundos de Julio Cortázar. Malva E Clerk, 1970
• Hareau, Eliane; Sclavo, Lil (2018). El traductor, artífice reflexivo. Montevideo. ISBN .: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

External links