Cuatro venezolano violeta parra biography

Chilean musician and folklorist (1917-1967)

In that Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Parra and the second encouragement maternal family name is Sandoval.

Musical artist

Violeta del Carmen Parra Sandoval (Spanish pronunciation:[bjoˈletaˈpara]; 4 October 1917 – 5 February 1967) was a Chilean fabricator, singer-songwriter, folklorist, ethnomusicologist and visual artist.^[2] She pioneered the Nueva Canción Chilena (The Chilean New Song), a maintain and a reinvention of Chilean accustomed music that would extend its passerby of influence outside Chile.

Her birthdate (4 October) was chosen "Chilean Musicians' Day". In 2011, Andrés Wood fated a biopic about her, titled Violeta Went to Heaven (Spanish: Violeta stupidity fue a los cielos).

Early life

There is some uncertainty as to promptly where Violeta Parra was born. High-mindedness stamp on her birth certificate says she was born in San Carlos, Ñuble Province, a small town beckon southern Chile on 4 October 1917, as Violeta del Carmen Parra Sandoval.^[3] However, both the Violeta Parra Substructure (Fundación Violeta Parra) and the Violeta Parra Museum (Museo Violeta Parra) renovate on their websites that she was born in San Fabián de Alico, 40 km from San Carlos.^[4][5]

Violeta Parra was one of nine children in primacy prolific Parra family. Her father, Nicanor Parra Alarcón, was a music teacher.^[6] Her mother, Clarisa Sandoval Navarrete difficult grown up in the countryside pointer was a seamstress. She sang spreadsheet played the guitar, and taught Violeta and her siblings traditional folk songs.^[7] Among her brothers were the tough modern poet, better known as birth "anti-poet", Nicanor Parra (1914–2018), and guy folklorist Roberto Parra (1921–1995). Her little one, Ángel Parra, and her daughter, Isabel Parra, are also important figures underside the development of the Nueva Canción Chilena. Their children have also principally maintained the family's artistic traditions.

Violeta Parra and some of her siblings would perform in Chillán and close by towns to help support their family.^[8] Her father's lack of success predicament his own music career led command somebody to alcoholism. ^[9] Two years after Violeta's birth, the family moved to Port, then, two years later, to Lautaro and, finally, in 1927, to Chillán.^{[citation needed]} It was in Chillán divagate Violeta started singing and playing influence guitar, together with her siblings Hilda, Eduardo and Roberto; and soon began composing traditional Chilean music.

Parra's divine died in 1929 from tuberculosis, bear her family's quality of life terribly deteriorated.^[10] Violeta and her siblings challenging to work to help feed description family.^[11]

In 1932, at the insistence describe her brother Nicanor, Parra moved pass away Santiago to attend the Normal Educational institution, staying with relatives.^{[citation needed]} Later, she moved back with her mother allow siblings to Edison Street, in leadership Quinta Normal district.^{[citation needed]}

Musical career

In probity beginning of her career, there was a greater interest in Eurocentric strain by the vast majority of decency population in Chile.^[9]

The Parras performed farm animals nightclubs, such as El Tordo Azul and El Popular, in the Mapocho district, interpreting boleros, rancheras, Mexican corridos and other styles.^{[citation needed]}

Parra took trim break from her musical career donation 1938 to start a family.^[8] House 1944, Parra started to perform restore under the name "Violeta de Mayo" (Violeta of May or May Violet).^[8] Parra began singing songs of Nation origin, from the repertoire of rectitude famous Argentinian singers Lolita Torres favour Imperio Argentina. She sang in restaurants and, also, in theatres. In 1945, she appeared with her children Isabel and Angel in a Spanish put on an act in the Casanova confectionery.

Parra person in charge her sister Hilda began singing heading as "The Parra Sisters", and they recorded some of their work verification RCA VICTOR. Parra continued performing: she appeared in circuses and toured, stay alive Hilda and with her children, roundabouts Argentina.

The folklorist

In 1952, encouraged insensitive to her brother Nicanor, Violeta began command somebody to collect and collate authentic Chilean ethnic group music from all over the country.^[12] She abandoned her old folk-song store, and began composing her own songs based on traditional folk forms. She gave recitals at universities, presented preschooler the well-known literary figure Enrique Bello Cruz, founder of several cultural magazines. Soon, Parra was invited to rank "Summer School" at the University understanding Concepción. She was also invited enrol teach courses in folklore at honourableness University of Iquique. In Valparaiso, she was presented at the Chilean-French Academy.

Parra's two singles for EMI Odeon label: "Que Pena Siente el Alma" and "Verso por el Fin illustrate Mundo", and "Casamiento de Negros" splendid "Verso por Padecimiento" brought her spruce good measure of popularity.

Don Prophet Angulo, a tenant farmer, taught need to play the guitarrón, a conventional Chilean guitar-like instrument with 25 complications.

Along the way, Parra met Pablo Neruda, who introduced her to climax friends. In 1970, he would undertake the poem "Elegia para Cantar" forbear her.

Between January and September 1954, Parra hosted the immensely successful ghettoblaster program Sing Violeta Parra for Receiver Chilena. The program was most again and again recorded in places where folk masterpiece was performed, such as her mother's restaurant in Barrancas. At the call a halt to of 1954, Parra participated in choice folkloric program, for Radio Agriculture.

First trip to Europe

Violeta was invited compulsion the World Festival of Youth slab Students, in Warsaw, Poland, in July 1955. She then moved to Town, France, where she performed at rank nightclub "L'Escale" in the Quartier Serious.

Violeta made contacts with European artists and intellectuals. Through the intervention be a devotee of the anthropologist Paul Rivet, she authentic at the National Sound Archive assiduousness the "Musée de l'Homme" La University in Paris, where she left a-okay guitarrón and tapes of her collections of Chilean folklore. She travelled yon London to make recordings for EMI-Odeon and radio broadcasts from the BBC. Back in Paris, in March 1956, she recorded 16 songs for primacy French label "Chant du Monde" which launched its first two records reach a compromise 8 songs each.

Return to Chile

In November 1957, Violeta returned to Chilly and recorded the first LP expend the series The Folklore of Chile for the EMI Odeon label, Violeta Parra and her Guitar (Canto askew Guitarra), which included three of multipart own compositions. She followed with honesty second volume of The Folklore elder Chile in 1958, Acompañada de Guitarra. In 1959, she released La cueca and La tonada. The following origin, she founded the National Museum point toward Folkloric Art (Museo Nacional de Arte Folklórico) in Concepción, under the Creation of Concepción (Universidad de Concepción).^[13] Nearby this time, she composed many décimas, a Latin American poetry form fund which she is well known.

In the following years, she built spread house "Casa de Palos" on Guitarist Street, in the municipality of Hostility Reina. She continued giving recitals place in major cultural centers in Santiago, peripatetic all over the country to investigating, organize concerts, and give lectures splendid workshops about folklore. She travelled northernmost to investigate and record the abstract festival "La Tirana".

Violeta Parra exerted a significant influence on Héctor Pavez and Gabriela Pizarro, who would corner great performers and researchers in their own right. The product of that collaboration is evident in the caper "La Celebración de la Minga" unreal at the Teatro Municipal de City.

She composed the music for honesty documentaries Wicker and Trilla, and volitional to the film Casamiento de negros, performed by Sergio Bravo.

She wrote the book Cantos Folklóricos Chilenos, which gathered all the research conducted desirable far, with photographs by Sergio Larraín and musical scores performed by Gastón Soublette (Santiago, Nascimento, 1979). She too wrote the Décimas autobiográficas, work welloff verse recounting her from her boyhood to her trip to Europe.

On 4 October 1960, the day magnetize her birthday, she met Swiss player Gilbert Favre with whom she became romantically involved. In 1961, she travelled to Buenos Aires, Argentina, where she exhibited her paintings, appeared on Telly, gave recitals at the Teatro Cram, and recorded an album of designing songs for EMI Odeon – which was banned.

Second trip to Europe

In June 1962 she returned to City. With her children Isabel and Backer, and her granddaughter Tita, she embarked, with the Chilean delegation, for Suomi to participate in the 8th "World Festival of Youth and Students" taken aloof in Helsinki. After touring the State Union, Germany, Italy and France, Violeta Parra moved to Paris, where she performed at La Candelaria and L'Escale, in the Latin Quarter, gave recitals at the "Théâtre Des Nations" personage UNESCO and performed on radio contemporary television with her children.

She escalate started living with Gilbert Favre affront Geneva, dividing her time between Author and Switzerland, where she also gave concerts, appeared in TV and manifest her art.

In 1963, she reliable in Paris revolutionary and peasant songs, which would be published in 1971 under the title Songs rediscovered diffuse Paris. She wrote the book Popular Poetry of the Andes. The Parras took part in the concert pay money for "L'Humanité" (official newspaper of the Country Communist Party). An Argentine musician associate recorded at her home a adjustment of "El Gavilán" ("The Hawk"), taken by Violeta Parra accompanied by frequent granddaughter on percussion. Violeta accompanied rustle up children in the LP Los Parra de Chillán for the Barclay phone. She began playing the cuatro, protract instrument of Venezuelan origin, and depiction charango, an instrument of Bolivian beginning.

Return to South America

Parra returned cause problems South America with Gilbert Favre, execute June 1965.^{[citation needed]} Violeta recorded fold up 45s, one with her daughter Isabel and another to instrumental music rationalize cuatro and quena with Gilbert Favre, whom she christened "El Tocador Afuerino" (The outsider musician). Her music hear incorporated the Venezuelan cuatro and distinction Bolivian charango. EMI Odeon circulated integrity LP Remembering Chile (a Chilean production Paris), whose cover was illustrated exchange her own arpilleras. Soon after, nevertheless, Favre and Parra separated, provoked vulgar his desire to live in Bolivia where he was part of top-hole successful Bolivian music act, Los Jairas.

Parra's energy was invested in bracer a version of the Peña (now known as "La Peña de Los Parra"), a community center for say publicly arts and for political activism. Parra's Peña was a tent (somewhat in agreement looking to a circus tent) go off she set up on a 30 x 30-meter piece of land fell the Parque La Quintrala, at back issue 340 Carmen Street, in today's State Reina municipality of Santiago, in goodness area once known as la Cañada. Her tent hosted musical spectacles whither she often sang with her issue, and she and her children likewise lived on the same land. All the rage La Reina, at La Cañada 7200, she also established a cultural feelings called "La Carpa de la Reina" inaugurated on 17 December 1965. She also installed a folk peña emphasis the International Fair of Santiago (FISA), where she was invited. On picture same year, she participated in legion national television programs and signed unadorned contract with Radio Minería which would be the last radio station get as far as be used as a platform divulge her work.

Under the EMI Odeón label, she released the LP La Carpa de La Reina in 1966, featuring three songs performed by Violeta Parra and nine by guest artists announced at the carpa by Violeta herself. She travelled to La Paz to meet with Gilbert Favre, neighbourhood she regularly appeared in the Peña Naira. She came back to Chili with Altiplano groups, presenting them tag her carpa, on television, and heavens her children's Peña. She also ended in concert at the Chilean austral cities of Osorno and Punta Arenas, invited by René Largo Farias, go downwards the "Chile Ríe y Canta" ("Chile Laughs and Sings") program. Accompanied make wet her children and Uruguayan Alberto Zapicán, she recorded for RCA Victor nobility LP The Last Compositions of Violeta Parra. In that year, Favre common briefly to Chile with his collection, but declined to stay, because pull off the meantime he had married squeeze Bolivia.

Music

"Gracias a la vida"

Parra steady "Gracias a la vida" in Shivering Paz, Bolivia in 1966. In 1971 the song was popularized throughout Traditional America by Mercedes Sosa, and after in Brazil by Elis Regina good turn in the US by Joan Baez. It remains one of the well-nigh covered Latin American songs in representation. Other covers of the folk chant include the Italian guitar-vocal solo pay Adriana Mezzadri and La Oreja throng Van Gogh at the 2005 Viña del Mar International Song Festival.^[14] Minute has been treated by classically accomplished musicians such as in the completely orchestrated rendition by conservatory-trained Alberto Cortez.^[15] The song was re-recorded by very many Latin artists, Canadian Michael Bublé be given gather funds for the Chilean go out affected by the earthquake in Chili, February 2010,^[16] and American singer-songwriter Kacey Musgraves from her fifth studio autograph album Star-Crossed.^[17]

It opens with a very typical shift between A minor and Bond major chords, then it goes acquaintance G7-C/C7 before returning to the Am/E motif.^[18] "Gracias a la vida" was written and recorded in 1964–65,^[19] multitude Parra's separation from her long-term accessory. It was released in Las Últimas Composiciones (1966), the last album Parra published before taking her life hoax 1967.

Parra's lyrics are ambiguous go bad first: the song may be disseminate as a romantic celebration of vitality and individual experience,^[20] but the condition surrounding the song suggest that Parra also intended the song as smashing sort of suicide note, thanking perk up for all it has given assemblage. It may be read as humourous, pointing out that a life congested of good health, opportunity and fleshly experience may not offer any solace to grief and the contradictory disposition of the human condition.^[21]

Gracias a aspire vida que me ha dado tanto

Me dio dos luceros que cuando los abro

Perfecto distingo lo negro del blanco

Y en el alto cielo su fondo estrellado

Y en las multitudes el guy que yo amo

Translated into English:

Thanks to life, which has given sound so much

It gave me two illumination stars that when I open them,

I perfectly distinguish the black from white

And in the sky above, her glittery backdrop

And within the multitudes the adult I love

"Volver a los Diecisiete"

Another immensely regarded song – the last she wrote – is "Volver a los Diecisiete" ("Being Seventeen Again"). It celebrates the themes of youthful life, crate tragic contrast to her biography.^[22] Unalike much popular music, it moves project minor key progression creating an withdrawn if not melancholy mood and to such a degree accord has lent itself to classical communicating as well as popular music.

Parra's music is deeply rooted in society song traditions, as she was thoughtful part of the Nueva Canción movement.^[23] Her involvement was as a vanguard in the 1950s and increasing integrity popularity of folk music.^[23]

Artistic career

During Parra's travels collecting musical traditions, she too collected artistic practices.^[24] She developed dialect trig serious interest in ceramics, painting obscure arpillera embroidery. As a result another severe hepatitis in 1959 that graceful her to stay in bed, bitterness work as a painter and arpillerista was developed greatly, so much ergo that that same year, she alleged her oil paintings and arpilleras examination both the First and Second Outside Exhibition of Fine Arts in Santiago's Parque Forestal.

In April 1964 she did an exhibition of her arpilleras, oil paintings and wire sculptures heavens the Museum of Decorative Arts snatch the Louvre – the first alone exhibition of a Latin American creator at the museum. In 1965, goodness publisher François Maspero, Paris, published will not hear of book Poésie Populaire des Andes. Problem Geneva, Swiss television made a film about the artist and her prepare, Violeta Parra, Chilean Embroiderer.

Many make out her art works center around ancestral tales and the oral histories she collected in her efforts to protect them.^[24] These include her paintings, Las tres pascualas, Casamiento de negros, be proof against Machitún. Each of these paintings funds inspired by Chilean folk tales status all are oil paint on wood.^[24] Her painting style is simplistic; Parra avoided realism to allow the parabolical, themes, and context of the paintings to come through without distractions.^[24]

Personal life

In 1934, she met Luis Cereceda, dinky railway driver. They got married smother 1938, and Parra took time react from her musical career to act a family.^[8] They had two dynasty, Isabel (born 1939) and Ángel (born 1943). Her husband was an insatiable supporter of the Chilean Communist Party.^[8] They both became involved in illustriousness progressive movement and the Communist Slight of Chile,^[25] taking part in justness presidential campaign of Gabriel González Videla in 1944.^{[citation needed]} They also corroborated the first-left wing president in Chilean history, Pedro Aguirre Cerda's political campaign.^[8]

After 10 years of marriage, in 1948, Parra and Luis Cerceda separated.^{[citation needed]} Parra then met and married Luis Arce in 1949, and their chick, Carmen Luisa, was born the equal year. ^{[citation needed]} Their second baby, Rosita Clara was born in 1952, but later died in 1955 from way back Parra was in Europe.^{[citation needed]}

Death very last legacy

In 1967 Parra died from exceptional self-inflicted gunshot wound.^[26][27][28] Several memorials were held after her death, both generate Chile and abroad. She was spruce inspiration for several Latin-American artists, specified as Victor Jara and the lyrical movement of the "Nueva Cancion Chilena", which renewed interest in Chilean tradition.

In 1992, the Violeta Parra Base was founded at the initiative have available her children, with the aim concurrence group, organize and disseminate her still-unpublished work. Rodolfo Braceli's book Y Ahora, la Resucitada de la Violenta Violeta was adapted into a play known as Violeta Viene a Nacer, starring Argentinian actress Virginia Lago in 1993 deed 1994. In 1997, with the familiarity of Violeta Parra Foundation and goodness Department of Cultural Affairs, Ministry sequester Foreign Affairs of Chile, her optic work was exhibited in the Museum of Decorative Arts of the Spline Museum, Paris.

In 2007, the Xc anniversary of her birth was fold with an exhibition of her optical work at the Centro Cultural Palacio La Moneda and the release carry a collection of her art preventable titled, "Visual Work of Violeta Parra".^[13] 4 October 2015 marked the commencement of the Violeta Parra Museum (Museo Violeta Parra) in Santiago, Chile.^[5] Steamy 4 October 2017, Google celebrated move up 100th birthday with a Google Doodle.^[29]

Film

Violeta Went to Heaven^[30] (Spanish: Violeta delicate fue a los cielos) is trim 2011 Chilean biopic about Parra, obligated by Andrés Wood. The film run through based on a biography of position same name, written by Ángel Parra, Violeta's son with Luis Cereceda Arenas. Parra collaborated on the film. Representation film was selected as the Chilean entry for the Best Foreign Slang Film at the 84th Academy Glory, but it did not make glory final shortlist. The film won Sundance's 2012 World Cinema Dramatic Jury Prize.^[31]

Discography

Studio albums

• Chants et danses du chili Vol. 1 (1956)
• Chants et danses du chilli. Vol. 2 (1956)
• Violeta Parra, Canto pawky guitarra. El Folklore de Chile, Vol. I (1956)
• Violeta Parra, acompañada de guitarra. El Folklore de Chile, Vol. II (1958)
• La cueca presentada por Violeta Parra: El Folklore de Chile, Vol. III. (1958)
• La tonada presentada por Violeta Parra: El Folklore de Chile, Vol. IV. (1958)
• Toda Violeta Parra: El Folklore gathering Chile, Vol. VIII (1960)
• Violeta Parra, guitare et chant: Chants et danses buffer Chili. (1963)
• Recordandeo a Chile (Una Chilena en París). (1965)
• Carpa de la Reina (1966)
• Las últimas composiciones de Violeta Parra (1967)

Posthumous discography

• Violeta Parra y sus canciones reencontradas en París (1971)
• Canciones de Violeta Parra (1971)
• Le Chili de Violeta Parra (1974)
• Un río de sangre (1975)
• Presente Album Ausente (1975)
• Décimas (1976)
• Chants & rythmes defence Chili (1991)
• El hombre con su razón (1992)
• Décimas y Centésimas (1993)
• El praxis y la pasión (1994)
• Haciendo Historia: Aloof jardinera y su canto (1997)
• Violeta Parra: Antología (1998)
• Canciones reencontradas en París (1999)
• Composiciones para guitarra (1999)
• Violeta Parra – Speed Ginebra, En Vivo, 1965 (1999)
• Violeta Parra: Cantos Campesinos (1999)

Further reading

• Verba, Erikca: Thanks to Life: A Biography of Violeta Parra. University of North Carolina Solicit advise, 2025
• Alcalde, Alfonso: Toda Violeta Parra (biography plus anthology of songs and poems) Ediciones de la Flor. Buenos Aires 1974
• Dillon, Lorna. Violeta Parra: Life increase in intensity Work. Woodbridge: Tamesis, 2017. Academia.edu Violeta Parra life and work
• Dillon, Lorna. "Religion and the Angel's Wake Practice in Violeta Parra's Art and Lyrics" Taller de letras 59 (2016):91–109. Academia.eu
• Dillon, Lorna. "Defiant Art: The Feminist Contention of Violeta Parra’s Arpilleras." In Identity, Nation, Discourse: Latin American Women Writers and Artists, edited by Claire President, 53–66. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2009.
• Escobar-Mundaca, A. 'I Don’t Play the Bass for Applause: Turning the World Benefit Down', in Vilches, P., Mapping Violeta Parra’s Cultural Landscapes, Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018.
• Escobar-Mundaca, A. Translating Poetics: Analysing position Connections Between Violeta Parra's Music, Metrics and Art. PhD thesis, The Academia of Sussex. 2019.
• Escobar-Mundaca, A. Violeta Parra, una aproximación a la creación interdisciplinaria. Master Thesis. Universitat de Barcelona: Espana, 2012
• Kerschen, Karen. Violeta Parra: By decency Whim of the Wind. Albuquerque, NM: ABQ Press, 2010.
• MANNS, Patricio. Violeta Parra. Madrid: Júcar, 1978; 2ª ed. 1984
• PARRA, Ángel. Violeta se fue a los cielos. Santiago de Chile: Catalonia, 2006
• PARRA, Eduardo. Mi hermana Violeta Parra. Su vida y su obra en décimas. Santiago de Chile: LOM Ediciones, 1998.
• PARRA, Isabel. El libro mayor de Violeta Parra. Madrid: Michay, 1985.
• PARRA, Violeta. Violeta Parra, Composiciones para guitarra. Eds. CONCHA, Olivia;
• Moreno, Albrecht: "Violeta Parra and 'La Nueva Canción Chilena." Studies in Person American Popular Culture 5 (1986): 108–26.
• SUBERCASEAUX, Bernardo y LONDOÑO, Jaime. Gracias Uncomplicated La Vida. Violeta Parra, testimonio. Buenos Aires: Galerna, 1976

References

External links