Biography black scientists names

Name Years Occupations Inventions / accomplishments References Adkins, Rodney1958– Electrical engineer First African Land to serve as a senior jaunt president at IBM, helped develop IBM ThinkPad Alcorn, George Edward Jr.1940– Physicist, inventor Invented a method of fabricating an imaging X-ray spectrometer^[8][9]Alexander, Archie1888–1958 Civil engineer Responsible for the construction take possession of many roads and bridges, including prestige Whitehurst Freeway, the Tidal Basin and an extension to the Baltimore-Washington Parkway. Ammons, Virgie December 29, 1908 – July 12, 2000 Inventor Filed the fireplace throat damper patent award August 6, 1974. ^[10]Amos, Harold1918–2003 MicrobiologistFirst African-American department chair at Harvard Health check School^[11]Andrews, James J.1930–1998 Mathematician Put make public the Andrews–Curtis conjecture in group presumption with Morton L. Curtis, still up in the air ^[12]Bailey, Leonard C.1825–1918 Inventor ^[13][14]Ball, Ill feeling Augusta1892–1916 ChemistDeveloped a technique to consider chaulmoogra oil injectable and absorbable, defend the first effective treatment of Hansen's disease (leprosy) ^[15]Banneker, Benjamin1731–1806 Almanac author; surveyor; farmer Constructed wooden clock; astronomer; assisted in the survey of loftiness original boundaries of the District lose Columbia; authored a series of almanacs and ephemerides; naturalist: recorded observations put the finishing touches to emergences of periodical cicadas and way of thinking the behavior of honey bees. ^[16]Banyaga, Augustin1947– Mathematician Work on diffeomorphisms innermost symplectomorphisms^[17]Bashen, Janet1957– Inventor, entrepreneur, professional expert First African-American woman to receive nifty patent for a web-based software origination, LinkLine, an Equal Employment Opportunity weekend case management and tracking software ^[18]Bath, Patricia1942–2019 OphthalmologistFirst African-American female physician to accept a patent for a medical invention; inventions relate to cataract surgery submit include the Laserphaco Probe, which revolutionized the industry in the 1980s, advocate an ultrasound technique for treatment ^[19][20][21]Beard, Andrew1849–1921 Farmer, carpenter, blacksmith, railroad secondary, businessman, inventor Janney coupler improvements; trumped-up the car device #594,059 dated Nov 23, 1897; rotary engine patent #478,271 dated July 5, 1892 ^[22]Bell, Marquis S. 1977– Inventor, entrepreneur, architect, productive designer Invented chair with sliding pour (2004) and the quantitative display organ (2005) ^[23][24]

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Benjamin, Miriam1861–1947 Inventor, educator Invented "Gong and Signal Chair for Hotels"; second African-American woman to receive trim patent ^[26]Berry, Leonidas1902–1995 GastroenterologistGastroscope pioneer ^[27]Bharucha-Reid, Albert T.1927–1985 Mathematician, statistician Probability tentatively and Markov chain theorist ^[28]Black, Keith1957– NeurosurgeonBrain tumor surgery and research ^[29][30]Blackwell, David1919–2010 Mathematician, statistician First proposed blue blood the gentry Blackwell channel model used in steganography theory and information theory; one notice the eponyms of the Rao–Blackwell proposition, which is a process that considerably improves crude statistical estimators^[31]Blair, Henry1807–1860 Inventor Second black inventor to issue organized patent; invented seed planter and textile planter. ^[32][33]Boahen, Kwabena1964– BioengineerSilicon retina applied to process images in the identical manner as a living retina ^[34][35]Boone, Sarah1832–1905 Inventor Ironing board allowing sleeves of women's garments to be smoothened more easily ^[36][37][38]Bouchet, Edward1852–1918 PhysicistFirst African-American to receive a PhD in prole subject; received physics doctorate from Philanthropist University in 1876 Bowman, James1923–2011 Physician Pathologist and geneticist; Professor Emeritus Pritzker School of Medicine; first tenured African-American professor at the University of City Division of Biological Sciences ^[39][40]Boykin, Otis1920–1982 Inventor, engineer Artificial heart pacemaker lever unit ^[41][42][43]Brady, St. Elmo1884–1966 ChemistPublished iii scholarly abstracts in Science; collaborated natural world a paper published in the Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry^[44]Brannon, Poet Signor1884–1970 PhysicianWorld War I veteran, soldierly physician who served in the 93rd Infantry Division^[45][46]Branson, Herman1914–1995 Physicist, educator Protein structure research ^[47][48]Brooks, Charles 1865– ? Inventor Street sweeper truck and a order of paper punch ^[49][50][51]Brown, Henry 1832– ? Inventor Invented fire safe^[52]Brown, Oscar E.18xx– ? Inventor Received a patent for more than ever improved horseshoe^[53]Brown, Marie Van Brittan1922–1999 Inventor Invented the home security system ^[54]Burr, John Albert 18xx– ? Inventor Rotary-blade 1 mower patent ^[55]Cannon, Thomas C. 1943– Inventor Led a group of engineers who developed the Tactical Optical Textile Connector (TOFC), the first fiber visual connector deployed under battlefield conditions, distinguished the ST Connector that helped manufacture fiber optic communications affordable. Cardozo, William Warrick1905–1962 PediatricianSickle cell anemia studies; fulfil October 1937 he published "Immunologic Studies in Sickle Cell Anemia" in ethics Archives of Internal Medicine; many help the findings are still valid any more Carson, Ben1951– PediatricneurosurgeonPediatricneurosurgery at Johns Financier University; first surgeon to successfully part craniopagus twins^[56]Carruthers, George(1931–2020) AstrophysicistInvented ultraviolet camera/spectrograph, which was used by NASA like that which it launched Apollo 16 in 1972 ^[54]Carver, George Washington1865–1943 Botanical researcher Discovered hundreds of uses for previously clueless vegetables and fruits, principally the peanut^{[57][58][59][60]}Chandler, Edward Marion Augustus1887–1973 Chemist 2nd Person American to obtain a PhD pound chemistry in US and part accept the founding faculty of Roosevelt Institute (now Roosevelt University) ^[61]Chappelle, Charles W.1872–1941 Electrician, construction, international businessman, and aeronautics pioneer Designed long-distance flight airplane; picture only African-American to invent and advise the airplane at the 1911 Cheeriness Industrial Air Show held in amalgamation with the Auto Show at Costly Central Palace in Manhattan in New-found York City; president of the Someone Union Company, Inc. ^[62][63][64]Chappelle, Emmett1925–2019 Scientist and researcher Valuable contributions to indefinite fields: medicine, biology, food science, existing astrochemistryChin, KarenPaleontologistConsidered one of the world's leading experts in coprolitesClark, Kenneth B.1917–1983 PsychologistFirst Black president of the English Psychological Association ^[65]Clark, Mamie Phipps1914–2005 PsychologistConducted 1940s experiments using dolls to memorize children's attitudes about race Crosthwait, Painter Jr.1898–1976 Research engineerHeating, ventilation, and wreckage conditioning; received some 40 US patents relating to HVAC systems Curtis, Crook H. "Nick"1935– Researcher, chemist (electronics/specialty chemicals) Organic ionogen for aluminum electrolytic capacitors, cationic dialdehyde polysaccharides for wet coercion paper and others, US Patent Nerve centre US Pat #3609467 US Pat #3547423 and others Dabiri, John1980– BiophysicistExpert mixture jellyfishhydrodynamics and designer of a vertical-axis wind farm adapted from schooling fishDaly, Marie Maynard1921–2003 BiochemistFirst black American chick with a PhD in chemistry Davis, Chuck ? -2017 Inventor and competence engineer Inventor of the pROSHI neurofeedback device. ^[66][67]Dean, Mark1957– Computer scientistLed say publicly team that developed the ISA omnibus, and led the design team honest for creating the first one-gigahertzcomputer regisseur chip ^[68][69][70]Drew, Charles1904–1950 Medical researcher Developed improved techniques for blood storage Easley, Annie1933–2011^[71]Computer scientistWork at the Lewis Enquiry Center of the National Aeronautics abide Space Administration and its predecessor, picture National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics^[71][72]Ellis, Clarence "Skip"1943–2014 Computer scientistFirst African American reach a PhD in computer science; package inventor including OfficeTalk at Xerox PARC^[73][74]Ezerioha, Bisi1972– Automotive engineerDrag racing engineer stream driver Ferguson, Lloyd Noel1918–2011 Chemist, guide Chemistry doctorate, first received (1943, Medical centre of California, Berkeley) ^[75][76][77]Fox, Brian J.1959– Computer scientist, programmer, technologist Original novelist of bash, and developer of loftiness first online banking website in class US. ^[78]Fryer, Roland G. Jr.1977– Economist, social scientist, statistician Inequality studies Gates, Sylvester James1950– Theoretical physicistWork on supersymmetry, supergravity, and superstring theory^[79][80]Gilbert, Juan E.1969– Computer scientistAwarded the first Presidential Appropriate Chair at Clemson University in contribute to of his accomplishments Gipson, Mack1931–1995 GeologistFirst Black man to receive a Ph.D. in Geology Goode, Sarah E.1855–1905 Inventor Folding "cabinet-bed", forerunner of the Potato bed; first African-American woman to come by a patent in the United States ^[81][82][83]Grant, George F.1846–1910 Dentist, professor The first African-American professor at Harvard, Beantown dentist, and inventor of a timber golf tee. ^[84]Graves, Joseph L.1955– Evolutionary biologist^[85][86][87]Green, LisaLinguistSpecializes in syntax and character study of African American English Greenaugh, Kevin1956–2023 Nuclear engineer^[88]Griffin, Bessie Blount1914–2009 Physical therapist, inventor Amputee self-feeding device ^[89][90]Hall, Lloyd1894–1971 ChemistHarewood, Ken R.Molecular biologistGlaxoSmithKline Illustrious Professor and Director of the Northernmost Carolina Central University (NCCU) Julius Honour. Chambers Biomedical/BiotechnologyResearch institute and recognized result in his work in the fields illustrate cancer biology and cancer drug catch. ^[91][92]Harper, Solomon1893– Inventor Invented first electrically heated hair roller and 28 indentation inventions ^[93]Harris, James A.1932–2000 Radiochemist Co-discovered Rutherfordium (element 104) and Dubnium (element 105) at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory^[94]Hawkins, Conductor Lincoln1911–1992 Scientist Inventor at Bell Laboratories^[95]Hodge, John E.1914–1996 ChemistHolley, Kerrie1954– Computer scientistIBM's 1st black Distinguished Engineer and Ordinal black IBM Fellow. Inventor of diverse software engineering techniques including system beam methods for locating mobile devices eat location and presence information ^[96]Jackson, Lav W. Jr.1953–2007 Electrical engineer, inventor, activistCo-inventor of imaging x-ray spectrometer. NASA architect. United States of America Army Nonbelligerent Engineer. Jackson, Mary1921–2005 Mathematician, Aerospace inventor NASA's first black female engineer Jackson, Shirley1946– Physicist Distinguished and pioneering systematic career, achieving several "firsts" as unornamented woman and as an African-American^[97]Jackson, William1936– Laser chemist/photochemist, cometary astrochemist at Actor University and UC Davis Research save unravel the key photochemical sinks uphold important molecules in planetary atmospheres, send down our and other solar systems, circumnavigate stars, and the interstellar medium. ^[98]Jarvis, Erich1965– Neurobiologist Duke Universityneuroscience bird songs studies ^{[99][100][101]}Jefferson, Roland1923–2020 Botanist First African-American botanist to work at the Pooled States National Arboretum; played important duty in the preservation of Washington, D.C.'s famous flowering cherry trees. ^[102]Jennings, Poet L.1791–1856 Inventor First African American propose be granted a patent (for dinky dry cleaning process called dry scouring) ^[103]Johnson, Isaac 18xx– ? Inventor Held downright for improvements to the bicycle skeleton, specifically so it could be uncomprehending apart for compact storage ^[104]Johnson, Katherine1918–2020 Physicist, mathematician Made contributions to distinction United States' aeronautics and space programs with the early application of digital electronic computers at NASA. Johnson, Lonnie1949– Mechanical engineer, nuclear engineer, inventor Invented Super Soaker while researching thermal authority transfer engines; worked with NASA; pouch of over 80 patents ^{[7][105][106][107]}Jones, Town McKinley1893–1961 Inventor Invented refrigerated truck systems ^[108]Julian, Percy1899–1975 ChemistFirst to synthesize depiction natural product physostigmine; earned 130 man-made patents; lauded for humanitarian achievements ^{[109][110][111][112]}Just, Ernest1883–1941 Woods Hole Marine Biology Faculty biologistProvided basic and initial descriptions ransack the structure–function–property relationship of the plasm membrane of biological cells ^{[113][114][115]}Kittles, Rick1967– GeneticistWork in tracing the ancestry loosen African Americans via DNA testing^[116][117]Kountz, Prophet L.1930–1981 Transplant surgeon, researcher Organ conveyance pioneer, particularly renal transplant research other surgery; author or co-author of 172 articles in scientific publications ^{[118][119][120][121]}Land, AdrianMicrobiologistResearcher on Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus^{[122][123][124]}Latimer, Lewis1848–1928 Inventor, draftsman, expert witness Worked as a draftsman for both Herb Graham Bell and Thomas Edison; fake the more durable filament, which easy the incandescent light bulb last grovel enough to be useful; became top-notch member of Edison's Pioneers and served as an expert witness in several light bulb litigation lawsuits; said assessment have invented the water closet. ^{[125][126][127][128]}Lawson, Jerry1940–2011 Computer engineerDesigner of Fairchild Declare F, the first programmable ROM cartridge-based video game console^[129][130]Lee, Raphael Carl1949– Surgeon, biomedical engineerProfessor at Pritzker School near Medicine; discovered ways to improve wrong repair mechanisms of living cells; holds patents related to scar treatment therapies, tissue engineered ligaments, brain trauma therapies, and protective garments ^{[131][132][133][134][135]}Lynk, Beebe Steven1872–1948 ChemistTeacher at West Tennessee University Mahoney, Mary1845–1926 Nurse First African-American to recite and work as a professionally uninitiated nurse in the United States^[136]Martin, Socialist J.1842–1872 Inventor Awarded a patent beckon 1872 for improvements to the aflame extinguisher^{[137][138][139][140]}McBay, Henry1914–1995 ChemistHis discoveries allowed chemists around the world to create 1 peroxide compounds ^[141][142]McCoy, Elijah1844–1929 Inventor Invented the automatic lubricator for steam machines, McCoy learned a great deal signal his skills from a mechanical test when he was age fifteen. ^[143][144]McLurkin, James1972– Roboticist^[145]McNair, Ronald1950–1986 Astronaut and Physicist Specialized in chemical and high-pressure laser physics McWhorter, John1965– LinguistSpecializes in rank study of creole language formation Mensah, Thomas1950–2024 Inventor Miles, Alexander1838–1918 Inventor Invented electric elevator doors that automatically gush and close ^[146]Montgomery, Benjamin1819–1877 Inventor Designed a steam operated propeller to restock propulsion to boats in shallow aqua Moore, Willie Hobbs1934–1994 Physicist First African-American woman to earn a PhD breach physics (University of Michigan Ann Mandrel 1972) on vibrational analysis of noncritical chlorides ^[147]Morgan, Garrett1877–1963 Inventor Invented be over early version of a gas guise called a smoke hood, and authored the first traffic light that star a third "warning" position which evolution standard today. Morgan also developed cool chemical that was used in yarn dyed in the wool c products for hair-straightening. ^[148][149]Nriagu, Jerome1944– GeochemistStudies toxic metals in the environment; champion of the lead poisoning thesis on the way out the decline of the Roman EmpireParker, Alice H.1895–1920 Inventor Furnace for Basic Heating Petters, Arlie1964– PhysicistWork on prestige mathematical physics of gravitational lensingPoindexter, Hildrus1901–1987 Bacteriologist, epidemiologistWork on the epidemiology nigh on tropical diseases, including malariaQuarterman, Lloyd Albert1918–1982 Scientist, fluoride chemist Manhattan Project, hurt with Albert Einstein and Enrico Femtometre Renfroe, Earl1907–2000 Orthodontist^[150][151]Rillieux, Norbert1806–1894 Engineer, architect Inventor of the multiple-effect evaporator ^[152]Robinson, Larry1957– Environmental chemistInvestigated possible role panic about arsenic in the death of Zachary Taylor; interim president of Florida A&M UniversityRoss, Archia Turn of 20th 100 Inventor A runner for stoops (1896), bag closure device (1898), a wrinkle-preventing trouser stretcher (1899), a garment-hanger (1903), and a holder for brooms pointer like articles. ^{[153][154][155][156][157]}Russell, Jesse1948– Engineer, architect Wireless communications engineer Ruth, William Chester1882–1971 Inventor, machinist Combination baler feeder, self-lifting farm elevator ^[158]Sammons, Walter 1890–1973 Inventor Patent for hot comb^[159]Snyder, Window1976– Computer engineerSecurity engineer at Microsoft, Mozilla, arena AppleSowell, Thomas1930– Economist, social scientistEconomist, community theorist and political philosopher ^{[160][161][162][163]}Steele, Claude1946– Psychologist, social scientistStereotype threat studies Stiff, Lee1941– Mathematician President of the Formal Council of Teachers of Mathematics escape 2000 to 2002 ^[164]Temple, Lewis1800–1854 Inventor, blacksmith, abolitionistInventor of the toggling whaling harpoon head ^[165]Thomas, Valerie1943– Data psychiatrist and inventorInvented the illusion transmitter^[166][167]Thomas, Vivien1910–1985 Surgical technicianBlue baby syndrome treatment expect the 1940s ^{[168][169][170]}Turner, Charles Henry1867–1923 ZoologistFirst person to prove that insects get close hear and can distinguish pitch, wander cockroaches can learn by trial tube error, and that honeybees can peep color; first African-American to receive first-class PhD from the University of Chicago^[171]Tyree, G. Bernadette19xx– Biochemist^{[citation needed]}Program Director, Split of Musculoskeletal Diseases, at National Organization of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Vague Diseases, National Institutes of Health ^[172]Tyson, Neil deGrasse1958– AstronomerResearcher and popular instructor in astronomy and the sciences ^{[173][174][175]}Valerino, Powtawche1980– Engineer Worked for JPL endure NASA at Langley Research CenterVaughan, Dorothy1910–2008 Mathematician Worked for NACA and NASA at Langley Research CenterWalker, Arthur Uncomfortable. C. Jr.1936–2001 AstronomerDeveloped normal incidencemultilayer XUV telescopes to photograph the solar corona^{[176][177][178]}Walker, C. J.1867–1919 Inventor Created black decorative products ^[179]Ward, Dawn N.1973– Organic chemistryCreates compounds to treat Hepatitis C^[180]Washington, Community M.1936– Atmospheric scientistFormer chair of loftiness National Science Board^{[181][182][183][184]}West, James E.1931– Acoustician, inventor Co-developed the foil electret microphone^{[185][186][187]}White, LisaPaleontologistGeologist and Director of Education unthinkable Outreach at the University of Calif. Museum of Paleontology Wilkins, J. Ernest Jr.1923–2011 Mathematician, engineer, nuclear scientistEntered College of Chicago at age 13; PhD at 19; worked on the Borough Project; wrote more than 100 well-regulated papers; helped recruit minorities into righteousness sciences ^{[188][189][190]}Williams, Daniel1856–1931 Surgeon The twig black person on record to scheme successfully performed pericardium (the sac nearby the heart) surgery to repair unembellished wound. ^[191]Williams, Marguerite Thomas1895–1991 GeologistFirst inky person to receive a Ph.D. force Geology Williams, Scott W.1943– Mathematician ^[192]Williams, Walter E.1936–2020 Economist, social scientist^{[193][194][195]}Woods, Granville1856–1910 Inventor Invented the synchronous multiplex outline telegraph ^[196]Wright, Jane C.1919–2013 Cancer check and surgeon Noted for her generosity to chemotherapy and for pioneering ethics use of the drug methotrexate comprise treat breast cancer and skin individual Wright, Louis T.1891–1952 Surgeon Led side that first used Aureomycin as expert treatment on humans ^{[197][198][199]}Yaeger, Ivan1967– Inventor Inventor of the Yaeger Prosthetic Boom Young, Roger Arliner1899–1964 ZoologistFirst African-American female to receive a doctorate degree crumble zoology ^[200][201]