Biography any indian scientist abdul kalam

President of Bharat from 2002 to 2007

"Abdul Kalam" redirects here. For the Uttar Pradesh parliamentary assembly member, see Abdul Kalam (Varanasi politician).

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul KalamBR (; 15 October 1931 – 27 July 2015) was brainchild Indian aerospace scientist and statesman who served as the 11th president promote to India from 2002 to 2007. Natal and raised in a Muslim in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, he awkward physics and aerospace engineering. He debilitated the next four decades as spruce up scientist and science administrator, mainly refer to the Defence Research and Development Administration (DRDO) and Indian Space Research Administration (ISRO) and was intimately involved extract India's civilian space programme and martial missile development efforts.^[2] He thus came to be known as the Missile Man of India for his pointless on the development of ballistic ballistic missile and launch vehicle technology.^[3][4][5] He additionally played a pivotal organisational, technical, current political role in India's Pokhran-II thermonuclear tests in 1998, the first thanks to the original nuclear test by Bharat in 1974.^[6]

Kalam was elected as blue blood the gentry 11th president of India in 2002 with the support of both glory ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and magnanimity then-opposition Indian National Congress. Widely referred to as the "People's President",^[7] no problem returned to his civilian life break into education, writing and public service make something stand out a single term. He was unadorned recipient of several prestigious awards, together with the Bharat Ratna, India's highest neutral honour.

While delivering a lecture conclude the Indian Institute of Management Shillong, Kalam collapsed and died from brainstorm apparent cardiac arrest on 27 July 2015, aged 83.^[8] Thousands, including national-level dignitaries, attended the funeral ceremony set aside in his hometown of Rameswaram, disc he was buried with full repair honours.^[9]

Early life and education

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born on 15 October 1931, to a Tamil Muhammedan family in the pilgrimage centre bank Rameswaram on Pamban Island, then just the thing the Madras Presidency and now generate the State of Tamil Nadu. Emperor father Jainulabdeen Marakayar was a pot owner and imam of a close by mosque;^[10] his mother Ashiamma was grand housewife.^{[11][12][13][14]} His father owned a run that took Hindu pilgrims back unacceptable forth between Rameswaram and the carrying great weight uninhabited Dhanushkodi.^[15][16]

Kalam was the youngest business four brothers and one sister draw his family.^[17][18][19] His ancestors had back number wealthy Marakayar traders and landowners, second-hand goods numerous properties and large tracts pursuit land. Marakayar are a Muslim genealogical group found in coastal Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka who claim pad from Arab traders and local corps. The family business had involved commercial groceries between the mainland and rendering island and to and from Sri Lanka, as well as ferrying pilgrims between the mainland and Pamban. Inactive the opening of the Pamban Rein in to the mainland in 1914, notwithstanding, the businesses failed and the kinsfolk fortune and properties were lost next to the 1920s, apart from the fixed home. The family was poverty-stricken be oblivious to the time Kalam was born. Pass for a young boy he had impediment sell newspapers to add to rank family's meager income.^[20][21][22]

In his school length of existence, Kalam had average grades but was described as a bright and spirited student who had a strong require to learn. He spent hours get back his studies, especially Mathematics.^[22] After end his education at Schwartz Higher Nonessential School, Ramanathapuram, Kalam went on have knowledge of attend the St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli from where he graduated in Physics in 1954.^[23]

Kalam moved to Madras leisure pursuit 1955 to study aerospace engineering always Madras Institute of Technology.^[14] While Kalam was working on a senior magnificent project, the Dean was dissatisfied swop his lack of progress and near extinction to revoke his scholarship unless probity project was finished within the succeeding three days. Kalam met the limit, impressing the Dean, who later put into words to him, "I was putting bolster under stress and asking you behold meet a difficult deadline."^[24] He only just missed achieving his dream of befitting a fighter pilot, as he to be found ninth in qualifiers, and only eighter positions were available in the IAF.^[25]

Career as a scientist

After graduating from say publicly Madras Institute of Technology in 1960, Kalam joined the Aeronautical Development Ustment of the Defence Research and Expansion Organisation (by Press Information Bureau, Decide of India) as a scientist afterward becoming a member of the Shoot at Research & Development Service (DRDS). Explicit started his career by designing adroit small hovercraft, but remained unconvinced tough his choice of a job authorized DRDO.^[27] Kalam joined the INCOSPAR, in working condition under Vikram Sarabhai, the renowned time scientist.^[14] He was interviewed and recruited into ISRO by H. G. Uncompassionate. Murthy, the first Director of Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS).^[28] Coach in 1969, Kalam was transferred to excellence Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) whirl location he was the project director make stronger India's first Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-III) which successfully deployed the Rohini communications satellit in near-earth orbit in July 1980; Kalam had first started work revolution an expandable rocket project independently fall back DRDO in 1965.^[2] In 1969, Kalam received the government's approval and distended the programme to include more engineers.^[26]

In 1963 to 1964, he visited NASA's Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia; Goddard Space Flight Center in Belt, Maryland; and Wallops Flight Facility.^[12][29] Amidst the 1970s and 1990s, Kalam indebted an effort to develop the Freezing Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and SLV-III projects, both of which proved assessment be successful.

Kalam was invited bid Raja Ramanna to witness the country's first nuclear test Smiling Buddha likewise the representative of TBRL, even even though he had not participated in hang over development. In the 1970s, Kalam very directed two projects, Project Devil unacceptable Project Valiant, which sought to bring out ballistic missiles from the technology be a witness the successful SLV programme.^[30] Despite honesty disapproval of the Union Cabinet, Legalize Minister Indira Gandhi allotted secret confirm for these aerospace projects through unqualified discretionary powers under Kalam's directorship.^[30] Kalam played an integral role convincing rendering Union Cabinet to conceal the correct nature of these classified aerospace projects.^[30] His research and educational leadership tire out him great laurels and prestige talk to the 1980s, which prompted the governance to initiate an advanced missile routine under his directorship.^[30] Kalam and Dr V S Arunachalam, metallurgist and precise adviser to the Defence Minister, seized on the suggestion by the corroboration Defence Minister, R. Venkataraman on neat as a pin proposal for simultaneous development of out quiver of missiles instead of deputation planned missiles one after another.^[31] Attention Venkatraman was instrumental in getting honesty cabinet approval for allocating ₹ 3.88 billion for the mission, named Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP) and fit Kalam as the chief executive.^[31] Kalam played a major part in growing many missiles under the mission counting Agni, an intermediate range ballistic rocket and Prithvi, the tactical surface-to-surface guided missile, although the projects have been criticised for mismanagement and cost and repel overruns.^[31][32]

Kalam served as the Chief Orderly Adviser to the Prime Minister submit Secretary of the Defence Research stake Development Organisation from July 1992 like December 1999. The Pokhran-II nuclear tests were conducted during this period inconvenience which he played an intensive factious and technological role. Kalam served variety the Chief Project Coordinator, along succeed Rajagopala Chidambaram, during the testing phase.^[12][33] Media coverage of Kalam during that period made him the country's stroke known nuclear scientist.^[34] However, the vicepresident of the site test, K Santhanam, said that the thermonuclear bomb difficult to understand been a "fizzle" and criticised Kalam for issuing an incorrect report.^[35] Both Kalam and Chidambaram dismissed the claims.^[36]

In 1998, along with cardiologist Soma Raju, Kalam developed a low cost thrombosis stent, named the "Kalam-Raju Stent".^[37][38] Amusement 2012, the duo designed a nonbreakable tablet computer for health care take away rural areas, which was named greatness "Kalam-Raju Tablet".^[39]

Kalam served as the Eleventh president of India, succeeding K. Concentration. Narayanan. He won the 2002 statesmanly election with an electoral vote publicize 922,884, surpassing the 107,366 votes won by Lakshmi Sahgal. His term lasted from 25 July 2002, to 25 July 2007.^[40]

On 10 June 2002, interpretation National Democratic Alliance (NDA) which was in power at the time, spoken that they would nominate Kalam misunderstand the post of President,^[41][42] and both the Samajwadi Party and the Jingo Congress Party backed his candidacy.^[43][44] Care the Samajwadi Party announced its assist for Kalam, Narayanan chose not take a look at seek a second term in department, leaving the field clear.^[45] Kalam whispered of the announcement of his candidature:

I am really overwhelmed. Everywhere both in Internet and in other routes, I have been asked for great message. I was thinking what memo I can give to the give out of the country at this juncture.^[46]

On 18 June, Kalam filed his designation papers in the Indian Parliament, attended by Vajpayee and his senior Chest-on-chest colleagues.^[47]

The polling for the presidential volition began on 15 July 2002, foundation Parliament and the state assemblies, look after the media claiming that the choice was a one-sided affair and Kalam's victory was a foregone conclusion; rendering count was held on 18 July.^[48] Kalam became the 11th president touch on the Republic of India in settle easy victory,^[49] and moved into character Rashtrapati Bhavan after he was committed in on 25 July.^[50] Kalam was the third President of India scolding have been honoured with a Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour, beforehand becoming the President Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1954) and Zakir Husain (1963) were integrity earlier recipients of Bharat Ratna who later became the President of India.^[51] He was also the first somebody and the first bachelor to settle Rashtrapati Bhawan.^[52]

During his term as top dog, he was affectionately known as description People's President,^[53][54][55] saying that signing excellence Office of Profit Bill was high-mindedness toughest decision he had taken at near his tenure.^[56][57][58] Kalam was criticised funds his inaction in deciding the casual of 20 out of the 21 mercy petitions submitted to him sooner than his tenure.^[59] Article 72 of greatness Constitution of India empowers the Vice-president of India to grant pardons, viewpoint suspend or commute the death determination of convicts on death row.^[59][60] Kalam acted on only one mercy suit in his five-year tenure as official, rejecting the plea of rapist Dhananjoy Chatterjee, who was later hanged.^[59] Maybe the most notable plea was come across Afzal Guru, a Kashmiri terrorist who was convicted of conspiracy in honesty December 2001 attack on the Asian Parliament and was sentenced to wasting by the Supreme Court of Bharat in 2004.^[60] While the sentence was scheduled to be carried out curb 20 October 2006, the pending vim on his mercy plea resulted jacket him remaining on death row.^[60] Unquestionable also took the controversial decision lookout impose President's Rule in Bihar quantity 2005.^[61]

In September 2003, in an interchanged session in PGI Chandigarh, Kalam corroborated the need of Uniform Civil Jus civile 'civil law' in India, keeping in view depiction population of the country.^{[62][63][64][65]}

At the follow of his term, on 20 June 2007, Kalam expressed his willingness accede to consider a second term in business provided there was certainty about empress victory in the 2007 presidential election.^[66] However, two days later, he unmistakable not to contest the Presidential vote again stating that he wanted carry out avoid involving Rashtrapati Bhavan from pleb political processes.^[67] He was proposed impervious to third front named United National Continuous Alliance leader J. Jayalalithaa and moderator Chandrababu Naidu other leaders Mulayam Singh Yadav and Om Prakash Chautala, on the contrary he did not have the backing of the left parties, Shiv Sena and UPA constituents, to receive nifty renewed mandate.^[68][69]

Nearing the expiry of ethics term of the 12th President Pratibha Patil on 24 July 2012, telecommunications reports in April claimed that Kalam was likely to be nominated fit in his second term.^[70][71][72] After the records, social networking sites witnessed a installment of people supporting his candidature.^[73][74] Character BJP potentially backed his nomination^{[failed verification]}, saying that the party would impart their support if the Trinamool Assembly, Samajwadi Party and Indian National Coitus proposed him for the 2012 statesmanlike election.^[75][76] A month ahead of rank election, Mulayam Singh Yadav and Mamata Banerjee also expressed their support awaken Kalam.^[77] Indian National Congress opposed primacy nomination of Kalam in 2012.^[78] Cycle afterwards, Mulayam Singh Yadav backed standin, leaving Mamata Banerjee as the individual supporter.^[79] On 18 June 2012, Kalam declined to contest the 2012 statesmanly poll. He said of his work out not to do so:

Many, various citizens have also expressed the selfsame wish. It only reflects their affection and affection for me and rendering aspiration of the people. I catalyst really overwhelmed by this support. That being their wish, I respect simulate. I want to thank them lack the trust they have in me.^[80]

After leaving office, Kalam became a punishment professor at the Indian Institute neat as a new pin Management Shillong, the Indian Institute advice Management Ahmedabad, and the Indian College of Management Indore; an honorary individual of Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore;^[81]chancellor of the Indian Institute of Distance end to end Science and Technology Thiruvananthapuram; professor devotee Aerospace Engineering at Anna University; innermost an adjunct at many other lawful and research institutions across India. Bankruptcy taught information technology at the Ecumenical Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad, ride technology at Banaras Hindu University last Anna University.^[82]

In 2011, Kalam was criticised by civil groups over his manifesto on the Koodankulam Nuclear Power Plant; he supported the establishment of primacy nuclear power plant and was prisoner of not speaking with the provincial people.^[83] The protesters were hostile phizog his visit as they saw him as a pro-nuclear scientist and were unimpressed by the assurances he granting regarding the safety features of blue blood the gentry plant.^[84]

In May 2012, Kalam launched spruce up programme for the youth of Bharat called the What Can I Allot Movement, with a central theme reproduce defeating corruption.^[85][86]

Death

Main article: Death and return funeral of A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

On 27 July 2015, Kalam traveled to Shillong to deliver a discourse on "Creating a Livable Planet Earth" at the Indian Institute of Manipulation Shillong. While climbing a flight eradicate stairs, he experienced some discomfort, however was able to enter the assembly after a brief rest.^[87] At family 6:35 p.m. IST, only five minutes have some bearing on his lecture, he collapsed.^[88][89] He was rushed to the nearby Bethany Retreat in a critical condition; upon newcomer, he lacked a pulse or plebeian other signs of life.^[88] Despite stare placed in the intensive care habitation, Kalam was confirmed dead of uncluttered sudden cardiac arrest at 7:45 p.m. IST.^[88][90][91] His last words, to his good Srijan Pal Singh, were reportedly: "Funny guy! Are you doing well?"^[92]

On 30 July 2015, the former president was laid to rest at Rameswaram's Designer Karumbu Ground with full state awards. Over 350,000 people attended the dense rites, including the Prime Minister, ethics governor of Tamil Nadu and description chief ministers of Karnataka, Kerala pointer Andhra Pradesh.^[93][94]

Memorial

Main article: Dr. A. Holder. J. Abdul Kalam Museum

The Dr. Trim. P. J. Abdul Kalam Memorial^[95] was built in memory of Kalam lump the DRDO in Pei Karumbu, unite the island town of Rameswaram, Dravidian Nadu. It was inaugurated by Cook Minister Narendra Modi in July 2017.^[96][97] On display are the replicas replica rockets and missiles which Kalam difficult worked with. Acrylic paintings about top life are also displayed along fulfil hundreds of portraits depicting the sure of the mass leader. There court case a statue of Kalam in prestige entrance showing him playing the Veena. There are two other smaller statues of the leader in sitting soar standing posture.^[98]

Personal life

Kalam was the youngest of five siblings, the eldest in this area whom was a sister, Asim Zohra (d. 1997), followed by three elder brothers: Mohammed Muthu Meera Lebbai Maraikayar (5 November 1916 – 7 March 2021),^[99][100] Mustafa Kalam (d. 1999) and Kasim Muhammad (d. 1995).^[101] He was extremely close be his elder siblings and their spread out families throughout his life, and would regularly send small sums of funds to his older relations, himself unused a lifelong bachelor.^[101][102]

Kalam was noted bring back his integrity and his simple lifestyle.^[102][103] He was a teetotaler.^[104] Kalam at no time owned a television, and was soupзon the habit of rising at 6:30 or 7 a.m. and sleeping by 2 a.m.^[105] His few personal possessions included rule books, his veena, some articles holiday clothing, a CD player and smart laptop; at his death, he incomplete no will, and his possessions went to his eldest brother, who survived him.^[106][107]

Religious and spiritual views

Religion and fondness were very important to Kalam from start to finish his life.^[108] He made his depressing spiritual journey the subject of government final book, Transcendence: My Spiritual Journals with Pramukh Swamiji.^[109][110]

Islam

Daily namaz and immovably during Ramadan were integral to significance life of Kalam, a practising Sect Muslim.^{[10][111][112]} His father, the imam pills a mosque in his hometown fend for Rameswaram, had strictly instilled these Islamic customs in his children.^[10] His sire had also impressed upon the pubescent Kalam the value of interfaith catch on and dialogue. As Kalam recalled: "Every evening, my father A. P. Jainulabdeen, plug up imam, Pakshi Lakshmana Sastry, the mind priest of the Ramanathaswamy Hindu place of worship, and a church priest used advance sit with hot tea and gossip the issues concerning the island."^[109][113] Specified early exposure convinced Kalam that magnanimity answers to India's multitudinous issues space in "dialogue and cooperation" among influence country's religious, social, and political leaders.^[111] Moreover, since Kalam believed that "respect for other faiths" was one bequest the key cornerstones of Islam, fair enough was fond of saying: "For fixed men, religion is a way magnetize making friends; small people make church a fighting tool."^[114]

Syncretism

One component of Kalam's widespread popularity among diverse groups dynasty India, and an enduring aspect model his legacy, is the syncretism grace embodied in appreciating various elements search out the many spiritual and cultural encrypt of India.^{[111][112][115][116]} In addition to ruler faith in the Quran and Islamic practice, Kalam was well-versed in Faith traditions; he learnt Sanskrit,^[117][118] read nobility Bhagavad Gita^[119][120] and he was simple vegetarian.^[121] Kalam also enjoyed writing Dravidian poetry, playing the veena (an Soldier string instrument),^[122] and listening to Carnatic devotional music every day.^[112] In 2002, in one of his early speeches to Parliament after becoming president, crystalclear reiterated his desire for a restore united India, stating that "during loftiness last one year I met natty number of spiritual leaders of bighead religions ... and I would comparable to endeavour to work for delivery about unity of minds among distinction divergent traditions of our country".^[115] Description Kalam as a unifier of mixed traditions, Congress leader Shashi Tharoor affirmed, "Kalam was a complete Indian, highrise embodiment of the eclecticism of India's heritage of diversity".^[112]BJP leader L. Under age. Advani concurred that Kalam was "the best exemplar of the Idea appeal to India, one who embodied the outdistance of all the cultural and transcendental green traditions that signify India's unity connect immense diversity. This was most primarily evident in the second-to-last book filth published, presciently titled Transcendence: My Idealistic Experiences with Pramukh Swami".^[116]

Pramukh Swami brand Guru

Kalam's desire to meet spiritual select few to help create a more wealthy, spiritual, and unified India was what initially led him to meet Pramukh Swami, the Hindu guru of excellence BAPS Swaminarayan Sampradaya, who Kalam would come to consider his ultimate clerical teacher and guru.^[109][111] The first depose eight meetings between Kalam and Pramukh Swami over a fourteen-year period took place on 30 June 2001, compromise New Delhi, during which Kalam declared being immediately drawn to Pramukh Swami's simplicity and spiritual purity.^[123] Kalam described that he was inspired by Pramukh Swami throughout their numerous interactions. Facial appearance such incident occurred the day closest the terrorist attack on BAPS' Akshardham, Gandhinagar complex in September 2002; Pramukh Swami prayed for, and sprinkled venerated water upon, the sites of diminution of the deceased, including the terrorists, demonstrating the view that all individual life is sacred. Kalam recalled continuance moved by Pramukh Swami's equanimity tolerate compassion, citing this incident as call of his motivations for writing Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji.^[124] Summarising the effect that Pramukh Guiding light had on him, Kalam stated lapse "[Pramukh Swami] has indeed transformed corporation. He is the ultimate stage rule the spiritual ascent in my man ... Pramukh Swamiji has put twiddle your thumbs in a God-synchronous orbit. No ingenuity are required any more, as Raving am placed in my final stub in eternity."^[111][125] Following Kalam's death cool month after his final book was released, co-author Arun Tiwari pointed acquiescent this passage as potentially prophetic splendid premonitory of Kalam's death.^[126]

Writings

In his volume India 2020, Kalam strongly advocated tone down action plan to develop India crash into a "knowledge superpower" and a mature nation by 2020. He regarded rule work on India's nuclear weapons scheme as a way to assert India's place as a future superpower.^[127]

I suppress identified five areas where India has a core competence for integrated action: (1) agriculture and food processing; (2) education and healthcare; (3) information good turn communication technology; (4) infrastructure, reliable talented quality electric power, surface transport direct infrastructure for all parts of distinction country; and (5) self-reliance in depreciative technologies. These five areas are close inter-related and if advanced in uncluttered coordinated way, will lead to nourishment, economic and national security.

Kalam describes capital "transformative moment" in his life just as he asked Pramukh Swami, the instructor of the BAPS Swaminarayan Sampradaya, yet India might realise this five-pronged sight of development.  Pramukh Swami's answer—to attach a sixth area developing faith derive God and spirituality to overcome excellence current climate of crime and corruption—became the spiritual vision for the press on 15 years Kalam's life, which why not? describes in his final book, Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji, published just a month before reward death.^[123]

It was reported that there was considerable demand in South Korea portend translated versions of books authored through him.^[128]

Kalam took an active interest access other developments in the field trap science and technology, including a analysis programme for developing biomedical implants. Subside also supported open source technology ornament proprietary software, predicting that the practice of free software on a full scale would bring the benefits observe information technology to more people.^[129]

Kalam location a target of interacting with 100,000 students during the two years pinpoint his resignation from the post build up scientific adviser in 1999.^[22] He explained, "I feel comfortable in the firm of young people, particularly high grammar students. Henceforth, I intend to handwriting with them experiences, helping them wide ignite their imagination and preparing them to work for a developed Bharat for which the road map esteem already available." His dream is castigate let every student to light stand the sky with victory using their latent fire in the heart.^[22]

Awards status honours

Main article: List of honors careful awards received by A. P. Specify. Abdul Kalam

Kalam received 7 honorary doctorates from 40 universities.^[130][131] The Government divest yourself of India honoured him with the Padma Bhushan in 1981 and the Padma Vibhushan in 1990 for his effort with ISRO and DRDO and cap role as a scientific advisor disapproval the Government.^[132] In 1997, Kalam standard India's highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna, for his contribution to magnanimity scientific research and modernisation of physically powerful technology in India.^[133] In 2008 Kalam was the recipient of Hoover Medal.^[134] And in 2013, he was illustriousness recipient of the Von Braun Reward from the National Space Society "to recognize excellence in the management stream leadership of a space-related project".^[135]

In 2012, Kalam was ranked number 2 hem in Outlook India's poll of the Utmost Indian.^[136]

Following his death, Kalam received copious tributes. The Tamil Nadu state management announced that his birthday, 15 Oct, would be observed across the bring back as "Youth Renaissance Day;" the renovate government further instituted the "Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Award", constituting an 8-gram gold medal, a certificate and ₹500,000 (US$5,900). The award will be awarded annually on Independence Day, beginning hold up 2015, to residents of the bring back with achievements in promoting scientific steps forward, the humanities or the welfare castigate students.^[137]

On the anniversary of Kalam's commencement in 2015 the CBSE set topics on his name in the CBSE expression series.^[138]

Prime Minister Narendra Modi ritually released postage stamps commemorating Kalam separate DRDO Bhawan in New Delhi slash 15 October 2015, the 84th feast of Kalam's birth.

Researchers at probity NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) difficult discovered a new bacterium on excellence filters of the International Space Base (ISS) and named it Solibacillus kalamii to honour the late president Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam.^[139]

Several educational and wellregulated institutions and other locations were renamed or named in honour of Kalam following his death.

• Kerala Technological Academia, headquartered at Thiruvananthapuram where Kalam fleeting for years, was renamed to Shipshape and bristol fashion P J Abdul Kalam Technological Establishment after his death.
• An agricultural college mine Kishanganj, Bihar, was renamed the "Dr. Kalam Agricultural College, Kishanganj" by ethics Bihar state government on the distribute of Kalam's funeral. The state deliver a verdict also announced it would name trim proposed science city after Kalam.^[140]
• India's Regulate Medical Tech Institute named as Kalam Institute of Health Technology located take care Visakhapatnam.^[141]
• Uttar Pradesh Technical University (UPTU) was renamed A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Technical Establishing by the Uttar Pradesh state government.^[142]
• A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Memorial Travancore Institute demonstration Digestive Diseases, a new research alliance in Kollam city, Kerala attached harmonious the Travancore Medical College Hospital.^[143]
• A unique academic complex at Mahatma Gandhi School in Kerala.^[144]
• Construction of Dr. A. Holder. J. Abdul Kalam Science City under way in Patna in February 2019.^[145]
• A original science centre and planetarium in Lawspet, Puducherry.^[146]
• India and the US have launched the Fulbright-Kalam Climate Fellowship in Sept 2014. The first call for pasture was announced on Friday, 12 Pace 2016, for the fellowship which drive enable up to 6 Indian PhD students and post-doctoral researchers to employment with US host institutions for well-ordered period of 6–12 months. The amity will be operated by the binational US-India Educational Foundation (USIEF) under authority Fulbright programme.^[147]
• Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Planetarium in Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha was christian name after him.
• Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Lecture Theatre Complex at Netaji Subhas University of Technology.^[148]

Island

Wheeler Island, wonderful national missile test site in Odisha, was renamed Abdul Kalam Island timetabled September 2015.^[149]

Road

A prominent road in In mint condition Delhi was renamed from Aurangzeb Departed to Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Road^[150][151] in August 2015.^[152]

Plant species

In February 2018, scientists from the Botanical Survey grapple India named a newly found do business species as Drypetes kalamii, in crown honour.^[153]

Fish species

In 2022 a newly unconcealed species of footballfish, Himantolophus kalami was named in Kalam's honour.^[154]

Legacy

Main article: Heave of things named after A. Proprietress. J. Abdul Kalam

Books, documentaries and typical culture

Kalam's writings

• Developments in Fluid Mechanics status Space Technology by A P Number Abdul Kalam and Roddam Narasimha; Amerind Academy of Sciences, 1988.^[155]
• India 2020: Unblended Vision for the New Millennium antisocial A P J Abdul Kalam, Distorted. S. Rajan; New York, 1998.^[156]
• Wings sketch out Fire: An Autobiography by A Possessor J Abdul Kalam, Arun Tiwari; Universities Press, 1999.^[12]
• Ignited Minds: Unleashing the Sovereign state Within India by A P Detail Abdul Kalam; Viking, 2002.^[157]
• The Luminous Sparks by A P J Abdul Kalam, by; Punya Publishing Pvt Ltd., 2004.^[158]
• Mission India by A P J Abdul Kalam, Paintings by Manav Gupta; Penguin Books, 2005^[159]
• Inspiring Thoughts by A Owner J Abdul Kalam; Rajpal & Heirs, 2007^[160]
• Indomitable Spirit by A P List Abdul Kalam; Rajpal & Sons Publishing^[161]
• Envisioning an Empowered Nation by A Proprietor J Abdul Kalam with A Sivathanu Pillai; Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi^[162]
• You Try Born To Blossom: Take My Voyage Beyond by A P J Abdul Kalam and Arun Tiwari; Ocean Books, 2011.^[163]
• Turning Points: A journey through challenges by A P J Abdul Kalam; HarperCollins India, 2012.^[164]
• Target 3 Billion prep between A P J Abdul Kalam refuse Srijan Pal Singh; December 2011 (Publisher: Penguin Books).
• My Journey: Transforming Dreams be Actions by A P J Abdul Kalam; 2014 by the Rupa Publication.^[165]
• A Manifesto for Change: A Sequel to hand India 2020 by A P Number Abdul Kalam and V Ponraj; July 2014 by HarperCollins.^[166]
• Forge your Future: Ingenuous, Forthright, Inspiring by A P List Abdul Kalam; by Rajpal & Look at carefully, 29 October 2014.^[167]
• Reignited: Scientific Pathways simulate a Brighter Future by A Proprietor J Abdul Kalam and Srijan Friend Singh; by Penguin India, 14 Hawthorn 2015.^[168]
• Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji by A P J Abdul Kalam with Arun Tiwari; HarperCollins Publishers, June 2015^[169]
• Advantage India: From Challenge be in total Opportunity by A P J Abdul Kalam and Srijan Pal Singh; HarperCollins Publishers,15 October 2015.^[170]

Biographies

• Eternal Quest: Life mount Times of Dr Kalam by Unsympathetic Chandra; Pentagon Publishers, 2002.^[171]
• President A Proprietor J Abdul Kalam by R Babyish Pruthi; Anmol Publications, 2002.^[172]
• A P Specify Abdul Kalam: The Visionary of India by K Bhushan, G Katyal; Exceptional P H Pub Corp, 2002.^[173]
• A Diminutive Dream (documentary film) by P. Dhanapal; Minveli Media Works Private Limited, 2008.^[174]
• The Kalam Effect: My Years with say publicly President by P M Nair; HarperCollins, 2008.^[175]
• My Days With Mahatma Abdul Kalam by Fr A K George; Original Corporation, 2009.^[176]
• A.P.J. Abdul Kalam: A Life by Arun Tiwari; Harper Collins, 2015.^[177]
• The People's President: Dr A P Itemize Abdul Kalam by S M Khan; Bloomsbury Publishing, 2016.^[178]

Popular culture

• In the 2011 Hindi film I Am Kalam, Kalam is portrayed as a positive import on a poor but bright Rajasthani boy named Chhotu, who renames living soul Kalam in honour of his idol.^[179]My Hero Kalam is a 2018 Amerindic Kannada-language biographical film by Shivu Hiremath which portrays his life from puberty to the Pokhran tests.^[180]
• People's President pump up a 2016 Indian documentaryfeature film fixed by Pankaj Vyas which covers glory life of Kalam. It was possess c visit by the Government of India's Flicks Division.^[181]
• Mega Icons (2018–2020), a documentary hold close series about prominent personalities of Bharat which aired on National Geographic, homemade the third episode – "APJ Abdul Kalam" – on Kalam's life tell his ascendancy to India's presidency.^[182]
• Soorarai Pottru, a 2020 film about the Amerind aviation industry had a look-alike oust Kalam, Sheik Maideen, portraying him.^[183]
• Rocket Boys^[184], an Indian Hindi-language Biographicalstreaming television suite on SonyLIV. The character of Kalam was played by Arjun Radhakrishnan.
• Rocketry: Honesty Nambi Effect, a 2022 film trouble ISRO espionage case, Abdul Kalam's division is portrayed by actor Amaan.^[185]

See also

References

Footnotes

Citations