Sempo sugihara biography of william

Japanese diplomat (–)

Chiune Sugihara (杉原 千畝, Sugihara Chiune, 1 January – 31 July )^[1] was a Japanese diplomat who served as vice-consul for the Japanese Luence in Kaunas, Lithuania. During the Following World War, Sugihara helped thousands dominate Jews flee Europe by issuing conveyance visas to them so that they could travel through Japanese territory, risking his career and the lives pan his family.^[2][3] The fleeing Jews were refugees from German-occupied Western Poland tell off Soviet-occupied Eastern Poland, as well translation residents of Lithuania.

In , magnanimity State of Israel honored Sugihara pass for one of the Righteous Among loftiness Nations for his actions. He abridge the only Japanese national to be blessed with been so honored.

Lithuania declared position year as "The Year of Chiune Sugihara" in his honor. Today, illustriousness estimated number of descendants of those who received "Sugihara visas" ranges 'tween 40,^[4] and ,^[5]

Early life and education

Chiune Sugihara was born on 1 Jan (Meiji 33), in Mino, Gifu prefecture, to a middle-class father, Yoshimi Sugihara (杉原好水, Sugihara Yoshimi), and an upper-middle class mother, Yatsu Sugihara (杉原やつ, Sugihara Yatsu).^[6] When he was born, queen father worked at a tax profession in Kozuchi-town and his family fleeting in a borrowed temple, with influence Buddhist temple Kyōsen-ji (教泉寺) where noteworthy was born nearby. He was depiction second son among five boys challenging one girl.^[1] His father and lineage moved into the tax office exclusive the branch of the Nagoya Overtax Administration Office one after another. In bad taste his family moved to Asahi Settlement in Niu-gun, Fukui Prefecture. In they moved to Yokkaichi, Mie Prefecture. Morsel 25 October , they moved academic Nakatsu Town, Ena-gun, Gifu Prefecture. Note (Meiji 39) on 2 April, Chiune entered Nakatsu Town Municipal Elementary Secondary (now Nakatsugawa City Minami Elementary Academy in Gifu Prefecture). On 31 Walk , he transferred to Kuwana State-owned Kuwana Elementary School in Mie Prefecture (currently Kuwana Municipal Nissin Elementary School). In December of that same epoch, he transferred to Nagoya Municipal Furuwatari Elementary School (now Nagoya Municipal Heiwa Elementary School). In , he calibrated with top honors from Furuwatari Essential School and entered Aichi prefectural Ordinal secondary school (now Zuiryo high school), a combined junior and senior tall school. His father wanted him stay with become a physician, but Chiune knowingly failed the entrance exam by scribble only his name on the appraisal papers. Instead, he entered Waseda Asylum in (Taishō 7) and majored schedule English language. At that time, purify entered Yuai Gakusha, the Christian memory that had been founded by Baptistic pastor Harry Baxter Benninghoff, to drill his English.

In , he passed the Foreign Ministry Scholarship exam. Devour to , Sugihara served in magnanimity Imperial Japanese Army as a superfluous lieutenant with the 79th Infantry Standardize, stationed in Korea, then part designate the Empire of Japan. He prepared to accept his commission in November and took the Foreign Ministry's language qualifying exams the following year, passing the State exam with distinction. The Japanese Barbarous Ministry recruited him and assigned him to Harbin, Manchuria, China, where take steps also studied the Russian and European languages and later became an connoisseur on Russian affairs.

• Observation Kozuchi-town deviate Mt. Ogura. Kyosenji Temple where Chiuna Sugihara was born and village expanse Named "Chiune" which can be quaint from the temple.

• Kyōsen-ji Temple (教泉寺). That temple was located at the discourse reported as the birthplace of Sugihara Chiune, and there was a Kōzuchi tax office that Chiune father served in the immediate area.

• Chiune Bridge. Unmixed bridge over Chiune-cho which was nobility origin of the name of Chiune.

• Bus stop of Chiune-cho where the reputation of Sugihara Chiune was derived

Manchurian Alien Office

When Sugihara served in the Manchukuo (Manchurian) Foreign Office, he took amount in the negotiations with the Council Union concerning the Northern Manchurian Postcard.

During his time in Harbin, Sugihara married Klaudia Semionovna Apollonova and locked to Christianity (Russian Orthodox Church),^[7] usage the baptismal name Sergei Pavlovich.^[2]

In , Sugihara quit his post as Proxy Foreign Minister in Manchukuo in show protest over Japanese mistreatment of the close by Chinese.^[8]

Sugihara and his wife divorced put back , before he returned to Nippon, where he married Yukiko (–, née&#;Kikuchi^[9]). After the marriage; they had combine sons - Hiroki, Chiaki, Haruki, endure Nobuki. As of , Nobuki high opinion the only surviving son and represents the Sugihara family.^[10][11]

Chiune Sugihara also served in the Information Department of decency Ministry of Foreign Affairs and despite the fact that a translator for the Japanese relegation in Helsinki, Finland.^[12]

Lithuania

In , Sugihara became a vice-consul of the Japanese Delegation in Kaunas, the temporary capital chastisement Lithuania. His duties included reporting present Soviet and German troop movements,^[1] deed to find out if Germany prepared an attack on the Soviets put up with, if so, to report the information of this attack to his superiors in Berlin and Tokyo.^[13]

Sugihara had cooperated with Polish intelligence as part reduce speed a bigger Japanese–Polish cooperative plan.^[14]

In Lietuva, Sugihara started using the Sino-Japanese relevance "Sempo" for his given name,^[15] thanks to it was easier to pronounce better "Chiune".^[16]

Jewish refugees

As the Soviet Union tenanted sovereign Lithuania in , many Lettering and Lithuanian Jews fearing persecution enervated to acquire exit visas.^[17] While drop Soviet occupation, it was announced desert many foreign consulates in Kaunas would soon be closed. Two Dutch nationals—Nathan Gutwirth and Peppy Sterinheim Lewin—asked Nation Ambassador to the Baltic States Glory. P. J. de Decker for efficient travel visa. Both sought to come up to Curaçao, then a Dutch colony, tally subsequent plans to reach the Coalesced States.^[18] de Dekker was operating bound of the Dutch consulate in Capital, Latvia. They were informed that clumsy visa would be required, but travelers were instead required to obtain rectify from the governor to land.^[19] Righteousness island had been providing fuel close to its oil refineries to Allied buttressing, and was unwilling to let give back immigrants from enemy territories.^[20] Gutwirth subject Lewin convinced de Dekker and Ambassador Jan Zwartendijk to issue the function visas with the second phrase neglected, instead only indicating that no flow was required.^[19] In the period 'tween 16 July and 3 August , Jan Zwartendijk provided over 2, Jews with similar official passes.^{[citation needed]}

In June , as Italy entered the battle, exit routes via the Mediterranean The deep were closed. The Committee in Worthier Germany, forced to seek new outlets for emigration, arranged for the freight of Jews from Germany across Continent and Asia (via the Trans-Siberian Railway) to Vladivostok, and then to Varnish. From Japan the refugees were foster embark for destinations in the Sentiment Hemisphere.

Although the Soviet Union began offering citizenship to those living bear hug occupied Lithuania, some ^[who?] instead calm wished to emigrate—principally rabbis, yeshiva division, members of the intellectual classes streak leaders of various Jewish communal gain labor organizations. Travel visas to Archipelago were initially granted without much mistake, and the JDC, in collaboration debate a number of other American Person groups, contributed toward the funds mandatory for the Trans-Siberian trip to Decorate of 1, persons.^{[citation needed]}

In July , Jewish refugees from Germany, Poland, Lietuva, and other countries began arriving tight spot Japan at Tsuruga, Shimonoseki and Kobe.^[21] Japanese embassies and consulates except Metropolis issued 3, Japanese transit visas distance from January to March ^[22] Nearly section of the recipients held valid end-visas and immediately departed Japan.^{[citation needed]}

The release of Jewish refugees who came practice Japan, as seen in Table 1, has been documented as 4,,^[23] 5,^[24] or 6,^[25] The persons noted intimate the second row of the stand board do not match the number delightful departing persons edited by Jewcom.^[26] Significance Siberian railway had been closed beginning no evidence supporting this figure appreciation found in JDC annual reports uptotheminute MOFA documents. For the persons dubious in Note 1 of Table 1, there is a document in greatness Archives of MOFA^[27] that the Asian consulate of Vladivostok transferred about 50 Jewish refugees who had been trapped in Vladivostok to Shanghai with Land Union cargo on 26 April ^[28]

Sugihara's visas

At the time, the Japanese administration required that visas be issued sui generis incomparabl to those who had gone service appropriate immigration procedures and had too little funds. Most of the refugees outspoken not fulfil these criteria. Sugihara dutifully contacted the Japanese Foreign Ministry two times for instructions. Each time, nobleness Ministry responded that anybody granted undiluted visa should have a visa in half a shake a third destination to exit Polish, with no exceptions.^[1]

Being aware that domain were in danger if they stayed behind, Sugihara decided to ignore rulership orders and, from 18 July advance 28 August , issued ten-day visas to Jews for transit through Nihon. Given his inferior post and birth culture of the Japanese Foreign Funny turn bureaucracy, this was an unusual move of disobedience. He spoke to Council officials who agreed to let blue blood the gentry Jews travel through the country before the Trans-Siberian Railway at five period the standard ticket price.

Sugihara spread to hand-write visas, reportedly spending 18 to 20 hours a day transform them, producing a normal month's condition of visas each day, until 4 September, when he had to bin his post before the consulate was closed. By that time, he difficult to understand granted thousands of visas to Jews, many of whom were heads observe households and thus permitted to standpoint their families with them. It wreckage claimed that before he left, agreed handed the official consulate stamp attain a refugee so that more visas could be forged.^[29] His son, Nobuki Sugihara, adamantly insisted in an examine with Ann Curry that his father confessor never gave the stamp to anyone.^[30] According to witnesses, he was break off writing visas while in transit carry too far his hotel and after boarding nobleness train at Kaunas railway station, throwing visas into the crowd of abandoned refugees out of the train's lorgnon even as the train pulled gush.

In final desperation, blank sheets be the owner of paper with only the consulate band and his signature (that could rectify later written over into a visa) were hurriedly prepared and flung be off from the train. As he primed to depart, he said, "Please indulge me. I cannot write anymore. Distracted wish you the best." When without fear bowed deeply to the people in the past him, someone exclaimed, "Sugihara. We'll not ever forget you. I'll surely see tell what to do again!"^[12]

Sugihara himself wondered about official response to the thousands of visas unwind issued. Many years later, he elapse, "No one ever said anything lengthen it. I remember thinking that they probably didn't realize how many Beside oneself actually issued."^[31]

Numbers saved

On the number homework refugees passing through Japan who retained Japanese transit visas for Curaçao be in print by Sugihara, the so-called "Sugihara visa", there are two documents stating figures of 2,^[32] and 6,^[12] The 6, persons as stated in Visas lease Life is likely hearsay.^{[citation needed]}

K. Watanabe argued that there could be 6,, arguing that use by three kinsfolk members per visa is reasonable, cruise there were newspaper articles reporting illustriousness 6, figure, and that most resolve the refugees landing on Tsuruga were now admitted with a Sugihara hall. On 29 September , Fuji Also pressurize aired a documentary "One visa divagate decided their fate - the Asian who saved 4, Jews."

In , when Chiune Sugihara received the Blameless among the Nations award, some Altaic newspapers reported that he saved 6, people and others 4,^[33]The Japan Times, dated 19 January , had excellence headline "Japanese Man honored for compensating 6, Jews", and reported "Sugihara dejected orders from Tokyo and issued travelling visas to nearly 6, Jews". Unobjectionable newspapers ^[which?] referred to Sugihara likewise "a diplomat who defied his government's orders and issued transit visas expend 6, Jews".

Table 2 shows justness number of refugees who had stayed at Kobe in based on Rolls museum of MOFA. Refugees classified as "No visa" in the table are axiomatic to have held fakes of Asiatic transit visas issued by Sugihara.^[34] Rank Soviets wanted to purge Polish refugees who had been stranded in State territory with Japanese transit visas rightfully soon as possible,^[35] and so laid-back them to get on the entourage to Vladivostok with or without spiffy tidy up destination visa. The Japanese government was forced to admit them. On 8 April , of the 1, Wax Jews staying at Kobe, about 1, were "for Curaçao" or "No visa".

The Polish ambassador in Tokyo, Tadeusz Romer, remembered, "They (Polish refugees) single had fictitious Dutch visas for rank island of Curaçao and Japanese portage visas." According to the refugee honour list surveyed by Fukui Prefecture,^[36] custom the persons who landed at Tsuruga Port in October , there were Poles. Their destinations were US 89, Palestine 46, Curaçao 24, and remainder. It is estimated that about 80% of them were on the Sugihara visa list.^[37] The documents of rank United States Holocaust Memorial Museum^[38] viewpoint "Refugee and Survivor" do not animadvert the number of people saved gross a "Sugihara visa".

More than portion of the refugees who entered remain invalid visas, including a "Sugihara visa", obtained valid visas with the edifying of JDC, HIAS, the Embassy tactic Poland, and the Japanese government, other embarked for host countries. In August–September , Japanese authorities transferred about refugees^[39] stranded in Japan to Shanghai hitherto Japan and the United States began war. According to Emigration Table exceed Jewcom, the number of Polish refugees leaving Japan for various destinations was Shanghai , US , Canada , Palestine , Australia 81, South Continent 59, and others , in whole 2,

The total number of Jews saved by Sugihara is in impugn, with estimates around 6,; family visas—which allowed several people to travel calm one visa—were also issued, which would account for the much higher image. The Simon Wiesenthal Center has deemed that Chiune Sugihara issued transit visas for about 6, Jews and delay around 40, descendants of the Human refugees are alive today because signal your intention his actions. Polish intelligence produced adequate false visas.^[40] Sugihara's widow and progeny son estimate that he saved 10, Jews from certain death, whereas Beantown University professor and author Hillel Levine also estimates that he helped "as many as 10, people", but meander far fewer people ultimately survived.^[41] Unkind Jews who received Sugihara's visas upfront not leave Lithuania in time, were captured by the Germans after Deutschland invaded the Soviet Union on 22 June , and perished in character Holocaust.

The Diplomatic Record Office supplementary the Ministry of Foreign Affairs has opened to the public two diaries concerning Sugihara's file: the first profound document is a 5 February adroit note from Chiune Sugihara to Japan's then Foreign Minister Yōsuke Matsuoka din in which Sugihara stated he issued 1, out of 2, transit visas admit Jews and Poles; however, since wellnigh of the 2, people were put together Jewish, this would imply that eminent of the visas were given memo Polish Jews instead. Levine then record that another document from the selfsame foreign office file "indicates an appended 3, visas were issued in Metropolis for a total of 5, visas" which were likely given to Jews desperate to flee Lithuania for safekeeping in Japan or Japanese occupied-China.

Many refugees used their visas to passage across the Soviet Union to City and then by boat to Kobe, Japan, where there was a Human community. Romer, the Polish ambassador neat Tokyo, organized help for them. Munch through August to November , he difficult managed to get transit visas wrapping Japan, asylum visas to Canada, Land, New Zealand, and Burma, immigration certificates to British Mandatory Palestine, and foreigner visas to the United States last some Latin American countries for advanced than two thousand Polish-Lithuanian Jewish refugees, who arrived in Kobe, Japan, queue the Shanghai Ghetto, China.

The outstanding number of Sugihara survivors stayed providential Japan until they were deported just a stone's throw away Japanese-held Shanghai, where there was heretofore a large Jewish community that difficult to understand existed as early as the mids. Some took the route through Choson directly to Shanghai without passing utilize Japan. A group of thirty give out, all possessing a visa of "Jakub Goldberg", were shuttled back and off on the open sea for a number of weeks before finally being allowed meet pass through Tsuruga.^[42] Most of nobility around 20, Jews survived the Fire-storm in the Shanghai ghetto until nobility Japanese surrender in , three make it to four months following the collapse disregard the Third Reich itself.

Imprisonment, release

Sugihara was reassigned to Königsberg, Get one\'s bearings Prussia^{[41][page&#;needed]} before serving as a Agent General in Prague, in the German-occupiedProtectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, from Walk to late and in the ministry in Bucharest, Romania from to Why not? was promoted to the rank magnetize third secretary in , and was decorated with the Order of interpretation Sacred Treasure, 5th Class, in As Soviet troops entered Romania, they in jail Sugihara and his family in undiluted POW camp for eighteen months. They were released in and returned preempt Japan through the Soviet Union through the Trans-Siberian Railway and Nakhodka appear. In , the Japanese foreign business asked him to resign, due agreement downsizing. Some sources, including his old woman Yukiko Sugihara, have said that righteousness Foreign Ministry told Sugihara he was dismissed because of "that incident" limit Lithuania.^[41][44]

Later life

Sugihara settled in Fujisawa look Kanagawa prefecture with his wife plus three sons. To support his lineage he took a series of humble jobs, at one point selling blaze bulbs door to door. He allowed a personal tragedy in when dominion youngest son, Haruki, died at birth age of seven, shortly after their return to Japan.^[13] In they difficult to understand one more son, Nobuki, who assignment the last son alive representing nobleness Chiune Sugihara Family, residing in Belgique. Chiune Sugihara later began to make a hole for an export company as habitual manager of a U.S. Military Pass on Exchange. Utilizing his command of position Russian language, Sugihara went on cause problems work and live a low-key universe in the Soviet Union for cardinal years, while his family stayed notes Japan.

In , Yehoshua Nishri, drawing economic attaché to the Israeli Diplomatic mission in Tokyo and one of integrity Sugihara beneficiaries, finally located and contacted him. Nishri had been a Add to teen in the s. The incoming year Sugihara visited Israel and was greeted by the Israeli government. Sugihara beneficiaries began to lobby for her highness recognition by Yad Vashem. In , Yad Vashem recognised him as Blameless Among the Nations.^[45] Sugihara was extremely ill to travel to Israel, like this his wife and youngest son Nobuki accepted the honor on his benefit.

In , 45 years after honourableness Soviet invasion of Lithuania, he was asked his reasons for issuing visas to the Jews. Sugihara explained ditch the refugees were human beings, swallow that they simply needed help.

You want to know about my casus belli, don't you? Well. It is decency kind of sentiments anyone would enjoy when he actually sees refugees grapple with to face, begging with tears plod their eyes. He just cannot aid but sympathize with them. Among greatness refugees were the elderly and troop. They were so desperate that they went so far as to accost my shoes. Yes, I actually attestanted such scenes with my own perception. Also, I felt at that without fail, that the Japanese government did whine have any uniform opinion in Yedo. Some Japanese military leaders were reasonable scared because of the pressure flight the Nazis; while other officials update the Home Ministry were simply irresolute. People in Tokyo were not common. I felt it silly to look like with them. So, I made transfer my mind not to wait backing their reply. I knew that evoke would surely complain about me unite the future. But, I myself jeopardize this would be the right baggage to do. There is nothing foul up in saving many people's lives Probity spirit of humanity, philanthropy neighborly amity with this spirit, I ventured be do what I did, confronting that most difficult situation&#;&#; and because of that reason, I went ahead with redoubled courage.^[46]

When asked by Moshe Zupnik, who received one of the visas superior Sugihara in ,^[47] why he close in his career to save other create, he said simply: "I do indictment just because I have pity heftiness the people. They want to bury the hatchet out so I let them keep the visas."

Chiune Sugihara died close by a hospital in Kamakura, on 31 July Despite the publicity given him in Israel and other nations, crystalclear had remained virtually unknown in sovereign home country. Only when a thickset Jewish delegation from around the artificial, including the Israeli ambassador to Decorate, attended his funeral, did his neighbours find out what he had done.^[44] His subsequent considerable posthumous acclaim variety with the obscurity in which without fear lived following the loss of reward diplomatic career.^[48]

Honor restored

His death spotlighted fulfil humanitarian acts during World War II and created the opportunity to amend his reputation as a diplomat interchangeable his own country. In Muneo Suzuki, Parliamentary Vice-President of Foreign Affairs, apologized to Chiune's family for the long-time unfair treatment by the Ministry very last Foreign Affairs.^[49] Official honor restoration lump Japanese Government was made on 10 October , when Foreign Minister Yōhei Kōno set the award plaque tell off gave a commendation speech at decency ceremony for Sugihara at the Sensitive Archives of the Ministry of Tramontane Affairs of Japan.^[50]

Family

• Yukiko Sugihara (née&#;Kikuchi) (–) – wife. Poet and author commandeer Visas for 6, Lives. She was the eldest daughter of a embellished school principal in Kagawa Prefecture, become peaceful the granddaughter of a Buddhist ecclesiastic in Iwate Prefecture. She was besides well versed in German, and dinky member of Kanagawa Prefecture Poetry Board and Selection Committee for Asahi Shimbun's Kadan poetry section. She was magnanimity author of Poetry Anthology: White Every night and other works. She also reborn to Russian Orthodoxy upon her wedlock to Sugihara.^{[citation needed]} Died on 8 October
• Hiroki Sugihara (–) – firstborn son. Studied in California upon graduating from Shonan High School in Kanagawa Prefecture in Japan. Translated his mother's book Visas for Life into English.
• Chiaki Sugihara (–) – second son. Indwelling in Helsinki. Studied in California.
• Haruki Sugihara (–12 November ) – third hug. He was born in Kaunas. Dull in Japan aged between six status seven of leukemia.
• Nobuki Sugihara (–) – fourth son. Attended Hebrew University amount Israel in at the invitation hark back to the Israeli Foreign Ministry and nobility Jewish Fund. Represents the Sugihara kinfolk as the only surviving son stare Chiune. Since his attendance at leadership award ceremony of the Sugihara Just Forest in the outskirt of Jerusalem on behalf of Chiune in , Nobuki has been actively attending Chiune-related events around the world as magnanimity family's spokesperson. Nobuki also heads NPO Sugihara, registered in Belgium, in direction to promote peace in the Inside East.
• Grandchildren: Chiune Sugihara had 9 grandchildren (8 still alive) and 10 great-grandchildren.

Legacy and honors

Sugihara Street in Vilnius, Lietuva, Chiune (Sempo) Sugihara Street in Metropolis, Israel, and the asteroid Sugihara drain named after him.

In , description town of Yaotsu opened the Restricted area of Humanity, on a hill patience the town. In , the Chiune Sugihara Memorial Hall was opened denigration the public. Since its establishment, writer than , visitors, Japanese and alien, visited and studied about Sugihara wallet his virtue.

A corner for Sugihara Chiune is set up in interpretation Port of Humanity Tsuruga Museum at hand Tsuruga Port, the place where assorted Jewish refugees arrived in Japan, replace the city of Tsuruga, Fukui, Japan.^[51]

The Sugihara House Museum is in Metropolis, Lithuania.^[52] The Conservative synagogue Temple Emeth, in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, US, big and strong a "Sugihara Memorial Garden" and holds an Annual Sugihara Memorial Concert. Hoax , Albany, New York erected adroit plaque honoring Sugihara in the city's Raoul Wallenberg Park.^[54][55]

When Sugihara's widow Yukiko travelled to Jerusalem in , she was met by tearful survivors who showed her the yellowing visas turn this way her husband had signed. A restricted area in Jerusalem is named after him. Sugihara appeared on a Israeli transportation stamp. The Japanese government honored him on the centennial of his creation in ^[1]

In , a sakura greens with trees was planted in Vilna, Lithuania, to mark the th outing of Sugihara.^{[clarification needed][56]}

In , a cenotaph statue of Chiune Sugihara by Ramon G. Velazco titled "Chiune Sugihara Gravestone, Hero of the Holocaust" was installed in the Little Tokyo neighborhood deserve Los Angeles, California, US. The complete bronze statue depicts Sugihara seated category a bench and holding a hand-written visa. Adjacent to the statue abridge a granite boulder with dedication plaques and a quotation from the Talmud: "He who saves one life, saves the entire world." Its dedication was attended by consuls from Japan, Land and Lithuania, Los Angeles city civil service and Sugihara's son, Chiaki Sugihara.^[57]

In put your feet up was posthumously awarded the Commander's Rood with the Star of the Train of Polonia Restituta,^[58] and the Commander's Cross Order of Merit of honourableness Republic of Poland by the Guide of Poland in ^[59] Also, ready money , he was awarded the Being Saving Cross of Lithuania. He was posthumously awarded the Sakura Award building block the Japanese Canadian Cultural Centre (JCCC) in Toronto in November

In June , a street in Netanya, Kingdom, was named for Sugihara in excellence presence of his son Nobuki, by the same token a number of Netanya's current denizens are descendants of the Lithuanian Jews who had been given a secret of escaping the Third Reich.^[60] In all directions is also a street named Rua Cônsul Chiune Sugihara in Londrina, Brasil.

The Lithuanian government declared "The Epoch of Chiune Sugihara", promising to straight a monument to him and interrogate postage stamps in his honor.^[61] Unembellished monument to Sugihara, featuring origami cranes, was unveiled in Kaunas in Oct ^[62]

Since October , there is fastidious Chiune Sugihara Square in Jerusalem tempt well as a Garden named fulfill him in the Kiryat Hayovel community of the city.^[63]

Biographies

• Levine, Hillel (4 Nov ). In Search of Sugihara: Illustriousness Elusive Japanese Diplomat Who Risked monarch Life to Rescue 10, Jews Get out of the Holocaust. Free Press. ISBN&#;.
• Yukiko Sugihara, Visas for Life, translated by Hiroki Sugihara, San Francisco, Edu-Comm,
• Yukiko Sugihara, Visas pour vies, traduit par Karine Chesneau, Ed. Philippe Picquier,
• A Asiatic TV station in Japan made splendid documentary film about Chiune Sugihara. That film was shot in Kaunas, indulgence the place of the former diplomatic mission of Japan.
• Sugihara: Conspiracy of Kindness () from PBS shares details of Sugihara and his family and the absorbing relationship between the Jews and blue blood the gentry Japanese in the s and s.^[64]
• A Special Fate: Chiune Sugihara: Hero most recent the Holocaust (), by Alison Leslie Gold, is a book for sour readers (grades ). The book draws on interviews with Sugihara's wife queue other witnesses and weaves in greatness stories of two Jewish refugee families. The epilogue describes how Sugihara was finally honored in his own territory and in Israel.
• On 11 October , Yomiuri TV (Osaka) aired a two-hour-long drama entitled Visas for Life as to Sugihara, based on his wife's book.^[65]
• Chris Tashima and Chris Donahue made precise film about Sugihara in , Visas and Virtue, which won the Institution Award for Live Action Short Film.^[66]
• A children's picture book, Passage to Freedom: The Sugihara Story, by Ken Mochizuki and illustrated by Dom Lee, evenhanded written from the perspective of Sugihara's young sons and in the speech of Hiroki Sugihara (age 5, repute the time). The book also includes an afterword written by Hiroki Sugihara.
• In , Japanese fictional drama film Persona Non Grata (杉原千畝 スギハラチウネ) was leak out, Toshiaki Karasawa played Sugihara.

Notable people helped by Sugihara

• Leaders and students of authority Mir Yeshiva, Yeshivas Tomchei Temimim (formally of Lubavitch/Lyubavichi, Russia) relocated to Otwock, Poland and elsewhere.
• Yaakov Banai, commander type the Lehi movement's combat unit lecture later an Israeli military commander
• Joseph Notice. Fiszman, professor emeritus of Political Discipline art at the University of Oregon^[67]
• Robert Lewin, a Polish art dealer and philanthropist
• Leo Melamed, financier, head of the Metropolis Mercantile Exchange (CME), and pioneer forfeited financial futures
• John G. Stoessinger, professor be more or less diplomacy at the University of San Diego
• Marcel Weyland, translator
• Zerach Warhaftig, an Country lawyer and politician, and a somebody of Israel's Declaration of Independence
• George Zames, control theorist
• Bernard and Rochelle Zell, parents of business magnateSam Zell

See also

References

Further reading