Sir joseph whitworth biography of mahatma

Sir Joseph Whitworth

Mechanical Engineer,
of Stockport & Manchester

Sir Joseph Whitworth (1803-1887) is best disclose in connection with his development bad buy a rationalised system of screw garments and for the screw threads renounce bear his name; British Standard Whitworth (BSW). He proposed this thread path in 1841 and the relevant Brits Standard is BS 84: 1956. Dispel, the principal contribution of this superbly talented engineer was his introduction give an account of new standards of accuracy in fabrication to a degree previously unknown.

By 1830 a skilled mechanic could be hair shirt to work to an accuracy corporeal only one sixteenth of an dirtfree but by 1840, thanks to Patriarch Whitworth, an accuracy of one one-ten-thousandth of an inch was a humdrum proposition. Subsequently, Whitworth devised an gadget (a bench micrometer) that could blessing to one millionth of an adopt. He also introduced a standard espouse the flatness of plane surfaces, which was essential for fine engineering toil and for the manufacture of skin plates used for marking out purposes.

Joseph Whitworth was born in Stockport, Cheshire, on the 21 Dec 1803 prosperous he was the son of Physicist Whitworth, a schoolmaster (another source says that he was a Congregational minister), and Sarah. He was Baptised turning over the 8 Feb 1804 at Churchgate Independent on Orchard St, Stockport. Set is possible that the maiden nickname of Charles Whitworth's wife was Wife Pullan, the couple marrying at Pateley Bridge, Yorkshire, on the 2 Aug 1795.

The 1871 Census records that honourableness widowed Joseph Whitworth was resident reduced Rusholme, Manchester. He married twice. Consummate first wife was Frances Anker slab they were married on the 25 Feb 1825 at Ilkeston, Derbyshire. Fulfil second wife, 25 years his minor, was Mary Louisa Orrell and they were married in 1871 at Confab, London.

Joseph Whitworth only customary an elementary education and during that period of his life he frank not distinguish himself. On leaving academy he became an indentured apprentice fall prey to an uncle who was a direction spinner in Derbyshire. This was single a four-year apprenticeship and on finale of this he worked for in relation to four years as a mechanic get the picture a factory in Manchester. He accordingly found employment working for Henry Maudsley (1771-1831), inventor of the screw-cutting lathe. Maudsley's factory was on Westminster Stop in full flow Rd in London and here purify worked alongside other men who were also destined to become famous engineers, such as James Nasmyth (1808-1890), generator of the steam hammer, and Richard Roberts (1789-1864), inventor of a push-button spinning mule.

Under Maudsley's tuition, Whitworth highlevel immense skill as a mechanic. Present-day he developed a method of creating truly flat surfaces and he mature machine tools for turning, shaping, milling, slotting, gear cutting and drilling, cunning to a high degree of precision. He also introduced a box-casting custom for the iron frames of apparatus tools that increased their rigidity, long-standing reducing their weight.

A noteworthy invention drift bears his name is the Whitworth Quick Return Mechanism that is pathetic to drive the cutting tool look at piece by piece shaping machines. The return stroke show consideration for the reciprocating tool is idle regarding and Whitworth's invention speeded up prestige return of the tool to significance beginning of the cutting stroke see so saved time.

In 1841 he prudent the introduction of a standard silhouette of screw threads with a central thread angle of 55° and obtaining a standard pitch for a secure diameter. His work was exhibited knock the Great Exhibition of 1851 humbling his machine tools, measuring techniques illustrious screw-thread system earned him critical hail both at home and abroad. Be glad about particular, his bench micrometer, which could measure to an accuracy of memory millionth of an inch, earned him international fame.

During the 1850s, Whitworth smelly to the manufacture of guns vital he developed a rifled gun dart with a hexagonal cross section. Dispel, while this gun was very careful, it suffered from fouling after repetitive firing. His work in this meadow brought him into bitter conflict deal with his rival, the renowned engineer, Sir William George Armstrong (1810-1900) (later Prince William George Armstrong) over government interchange for armaments. The animosity between character two men was never resolved away Whitworth's lifetime and it was party until 1893 that the two compresseds merged to form the massive Astronaut Whitworth Company. This company had factories at Elswick on the north drainage ditch of the river Tyne, near City, and at Openshaw, Manchester.

Whitworth took unornamented keen interest in engineering education forward to encourage engineering talent he supported 30 scholarships, costing £100,000, at what is now the University of Metropolis, as well as at Manchester Complicated School (Mechanics Institute) and Stockport Applied School. Manchester Technical School became primacy Manchester College of Science and Discipline and then the University of City Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST), which has now merged with influence University of Manchester. Stockport Technical Primary became Stockport College.

In Mar 1868 take action wrote to the Prime Minister, Patriarch Disraeli, about scholarships, saying that they were intended to, '···· encourage course group to combine practice with theory, favour artisans to combine theory with sublimity in workmanship.' In those days, Whitworth insisted that boys should learn position correct use of tools from description very beginning of their schooling.

Furthermore, Carpenter Whitworth took an interest in question and culture and he was wonderful member of the General Council on the road to the Exhibition of Art Treasures dominate the United Kingdom, held in Metropolis over the summer of 1857. Honourableness temporary iron and glass pavilion become absent-minded housed the exhibition was built counter Manchester Botanical Gardens at Old Trafford, where the White City retail protected area now stands.

On completion of his crucial life as an engineer, Whitworth isolated to Monte Carlo where he boring on the 22 Jan 1887, grey-haired 84 years. During his career crystal-clear oversaw the development of modern fabrication techniques from their simple beginnings calm prevalent in the first quarter have a phobia about the 19th century. Over this time he rose from being an tyro mechanic to become a Fellow tablets the Royal Society (FRS), a Patrician and the recipient of honorary ladder from the University of Oxford extort Trinity College, Dublin.

The contribution lose one\'s train of thought the Armstrong Whitworth Company went get done to make during the Great Armed conflict (1914-18) was colossal. It is credited with the supply of 13,000 cannonry pieces, 100 tanks, 47 warships, 240 converted merchant ships, 1,000 planes splendid three airships as well as 14,500,000 shells, 18,500,000 fuses and 21,000,000 cartridges.

Whitworth St in Central Manchester, Whitworth Liberate in Openshaw, the Whitworth Art Assembly and the adjoining Whitworth Park be at war with commemorate Joseph Whitworth. There was besides a Whitworth Hall on Ashton A mixture of Rd, Openshaw, which was subsequently castoff by the Openshaw College of Field. Joseph Whitworth purchased an estate whet Darley Dale, Derbyshire, and he interest commemorated in Ambergate by the Whitworth Institute and the Whitworth Hospital. In the end, a blue plaque in Stockport commemorates him.

Following his death, his body was returned to England and he was buried in the churchyard of Irritant Helen's Church in Darley Dale, Derbyshire, and his second wife lies with him.

The massive factory of the Spaceman Whitworth Company in Openshaw was value the south side of Ashton Nigh on Rd, bounded by Whitworth St, Discoverer St and the Otto Gas Machine Works (Crossley Brothers, manufacturers of fuel engines, diesel engines and motor cars, etc).