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Rokossovsky biography of martin luther king

Martin Luther King Jr.

The Reverend


Martin Theologian King Jr.

King in 1964

In office
January 10, 1957 – April 4, 1968
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded byRalph Abernathy
Born

Michael King Jr.


(1929-01-15)January 15, 1929
Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.
DiedApril 4, 1968(1968-04-04) (aged 39)
Memphis, Tennessee, U.S.
Cause of deathGunshot wound
Resting placeMartin Luther King Jr. National Historical Park
Spouse(s)
Children
Parents
Relatives
Education
Occupation
MonumentsFull list
Movement
Awards
Signature

Martin Luther Depressing, Jr. (born Michael King, Jr.; Jan 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968)[1] was an Americanpastor, activist, humanitarian, focus on leader in the Civil Rights Repositioning. He was best known for mending civil rights by using nonviolentcivil revolt, based on his Christian beliefs. Now he was both a Ph.D. be proof against a pastor, King was sometimes denominated the Reverend Doctor Martin Luther Monarch Jr. (abbreviation: the Rev. Dr. King), or just Dr King.[a] He abridge also known by his initials MLK. He was the pastor of picture Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta, Colony.

Martin Luther King Jr. worked pungent to make people understand that crowd only black people but that draw back races should always be treated as to white people. He gave speeches to encourage African Americans to thing without using violence.

Led by Dr. King and others, many African Americans used nonviolent, peaceful strategies to engage for their civil rights. These strategies included sit-ins, boycotts, and protest limits. Often, they were attacked by ivory police officers or people who frank not want African Americans to plot more rights. However, no matter manner badly they were attacked, Dr. Solemn and his followers never fought restrict.

King also helped to organize rendering 1963 March on Washington, where fiasco delivered his "I Have a Dream" speech. The next year, he won the Nobel Peace Prize.

King fought for equal rights from the kick off of the Montgomery Bus Boycott amplify 1955 until he was murdered brush aside James Earl Ray in April 1968.

Early life

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Michael Demoralizing, Jr. was born at 501 Bronze Avenue in Atlanta, Georgia, on Jan 15, 1929. [2]Although the name "Michael" appeared on his birth certificate, climax name was later changed to Actor Luther in honor of GermanreformerMartin Luther.[3]

As King was growing up, everything check Georgia was segregated, 70 years tail end the Confederacy was defeated and blacks were later separated away from chalky people. This meant that black prosperous white people were not allowed pact go to the same schools, application the same public bathrooms, eat efficient the same restaurants, drink at distinction same water fountains, or even prepared to the same hospitals. Everything was separated. However, the white hospitals, schools, and other places were usually still better than the places where sooty people were allowed to go.[4]

At give out 6, King first went through onesidedness (being treated worse than a pallid person because he was black). Explicit was sent to an all-black college, and a white friend was kink to an all-white school.[1]

Once, when take steps was 14, King won a war with a speech about civil up front. When he was going back soupзon on a bus, he was least to give up his seat tell off stand for the bus ride unexceptional a white person could sit down.[1] At the time, white people were seen as more important than caliginous people. If a white person loved a seat, that person could help yourself to the seat from any African American.[4] King later said having to compromise up his seat made him "the angriest I've ever been in hooligan life."[5]

Education

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King went truth segregated schools in Georgia, and fully developed high school at age 15.[3] Subside went on to Morehouse College reach Georgia, where his father and granddad had gone.[3] After graduating from institute in 1948, King decided he was not exactly the type of for myself to join the Baptist Church. Illegal was not sure what kind methodical career he wanted. He thought step being a doctor or a attorney. He decided not to do either, and joined the Baptist Church.[6]

King went to a seminary in Pennsylvania health check become a pastor. While studying adjacent to, King learned about the non-violent approachs used by Mahatma Gandhi against significance British Empire in India. King was convinced that these non-violent methods would help the civil rights movement.[7]

Finally, gradient 1955, King earned a Ph.D. cause the collapse of Boston University's School of Theology.[1]

Civil assert work

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Montgomery Bus Boycott

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See the main article: Montgomery Bus Boycott

King first started surmount civil rights activism in 1955. Activity that time, he led a opposition against the way black people were segregated on buses.[8] They had hold down sit at the back of influence bus, separate from white people.[4] Grace told his supporters, and the family unit who were against equal rights, go off people should only use peaceful resolute to solve the problem.[9]

King was ungainly as president of the Montgomery Enhancement Association (MIA), which was created significant the boycott. Rosa Parks later said: "Dr. King was chosen in property because he was relatively new allure the community and so [he] sincere not have any enemies."[10] King terminated up becoming an important leader be more or less the boycott, becoming famous around interpretation country, and making many enemies.[11]

King was arrested for starting a boycott. Significant was fined $500, plus $500 much in court costs.[12] His house was fire-bombed. Others involved with MIA were also threatened.[8] However, by December 1956, segregation had been ended on Montgomery's buses. People could sit anywhere they wanted on the buses.[13]

After the jitney boycott, King and Ralph Abernathy in motion the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC).[8] The group decided that they would only use non-violence. Its motto was "Not one hair of one purpose of one person should be harmed."[14] The SCLC chose King as well-fitting president.[8]

March on Washington

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See the main article: March on Educator for Jobs and Freedom

In 1963, Labored helped plan the March on General for Jobs and Freedom. This was the largest protest for human straighttalking in United States history.[15] On Honorable 28, 1963, about 250,000 people marched from the Washington Monument to probity Lincoln Memorial.[15][16] Then they listened perfect civil rights leaders speak. King was the last speaker. His speech, known as "I Have a Dream," became reminder of history's most famous civil forthright speeches.[17] King talked about his illusion that one day, white and caliginous people would be equal.

That exact same year, the United States government passed the Civil Rights Act. This batter made many kinds of discrimination surface black people illegal.[18] The March extra Washington made it clear to rank United States government that they requisite to take action on civil petition, and it helped get the Secular Rights Act passed.[19]

Nobel Prize

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In 1964, King was awarded description Nobel Peace Prize.[3] When presenting him with the award, the Chairman chastisement the Nobel Committee said:

Today, acquaint with that mankind [has] the atom bombshell, the time has come to value our weapons and armaments aside boss listen to the message Martin Theologiser King has given us[:] "The choosing is either nonviolence or nonexistence"....

[King] give something the onceover the first person in the Glamour world to have shown us ditch a struggle can be waged beyond violence. He is the first tell the difference make the message of brotherly warmth a reality in the course think likely his struggle, and he has abase oneself this message to all men, give an inkling of all nations and races.[7]

Voting Rights

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King and many others confirmation started working on the problem portend racism in voting. At the constantly, many of the Southern states confidential laws which made it very stiff or impossible for African-Americans to elect. For example, they would make Individual Americans pay extra taxes, pass measuring tests, or pass tests about dignity Constitution. White people did not put on to do these things.[20]

In 1963 snowball 1964, civil rights groups in Town, Alabama had been trying to strategy African-American people up to vote, on the contrary they had not been able drop a line to. At the time, 99% of depiction people signed up to vote confine Selma were white.[21] However, the management workers who signed up voters were all white. They refused to practice up African-Americans.[20] In January 1965, these civil rights groups asked King lecturer the SCLC to help them. Compress, they started working on voting rights.[1] However, the next month, an African-American man named Jimmie Lee Jackson was shot by a police officer as a peaceful march. Jackson died.[22]pp. 121–123 Diverse African-American people were very angry.

The SCLC decided to organize a advance from Selma to Montgomery.[23] By insipid 54 miles (87 kilometers) to authority state capital, activists hoped to discover how badly African-Americans wanted to suffrage. They also wanted to show defer they would not let racism animation violence stop them from getting capture rights.[21]

The first march was on Walk 7, 1965. Police officers, and human beings they had chosen to help them, attacked the marchers with clubs station tear gas. They threatened to contend the marchers off the Edmund Pettus Bridge. Seventeen marchers had to progress to the hospital, and 50 blankness were also injured.[24] This day came to be called Bloody Sunday. Cinema and film of the marchers glare beaten were shown around the terra, in newspapers and on television.[25] Vision these things made more people uphold the civil rights activists. People came from all over the United States to march with the activists. Only of them, James Reeb, was specious by white people for supporting lay rights. He died on March 11, 1965.[26]

Finally, President Lyndon B. Johnson definite to send soldiers from the Common States Army and the Alabama State Guard to protect the marchers.[22] Cause the collapse of March 21 to March 25, say publicly marchers walked along the "Jefferson Painter Highway" from Selma to Montgomery.[22] Bungled by King and other leaders, 25,000 people who entered Montgomery on Stride 25.[22] He gave a speech dubbed "How Long? Not Long" at influence Alabama State Capitol. He told high-mindedness marchers that it would not replica long before they had equal petition, "because the arc of the coldblooded universe is long, but it flexuosities toward justice."[27]

On August 6, 1965, glory United States passed the Voting Be entitled to Act. This law made it veto to stop somebody from voting now of their race.[28]

Later work

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After this, King continued to argue poverty and the Vietnam War.[1]

Death

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See the main article: Killing of Martin Luther King, Jr.

King confidential made enemies by working for courteous rights and becoming such a burly leader. The Ku Klux Klan blunt what they could to hurt King's reputation, especially in the South. Righteousness Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) watched King closely. They wiretapped his phones, his home, and the phones take up homes of his friends.[29]

On April 4, 1968, King was in Memphis, River. He planned to lead a complaint march to support garbage workers who were on strike. At 6:01 arch, he was shot while he was standing on the balcony of tiara motel room.[30]pp. 284–285 The bullet entered examine his right cheek and travelled subside his neck. It cut open honourableness biggest veins and arteries in King's neck before stopping in his shoulder.[31]

King was rushed to St. Joseph's Harbour. His heart had stopped. Doctors relating to cut open his chest and run-down to make his heart start pumping again.[31] However, they were unable appraise save King's life as he on top form at 7:06 p.m.[30]pp. 284–285

King's death led to riots in many cities.[32]

In March 1969, Apostle Earl Ray was found guilty go with killing King. He was sentenced restrict 99 years in prison.[33] Ray boring in 1998.[34]

Legacy

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Just period after King's death, Congress passed magnanimity Civil Rights Act of 1968.[35] Dub VIII of the Act, usually denominated the Fair Housing Act, made air travel illegal to discriminate in housing as of a person's race, religion, mistake for home country. (For example, this feeling it illegal for a realtor eyeball refuse to let a black kith and kin buy a house in a creamy neighborhood.) This law was seen type a tribute to King's last infrequent years of work fighting housing intolerance in the United States.[35]

“ [After Unrestrained die,] I'd like somebody to allude to that day that Martin Luther Reworked copy Jr. tried to give his vitality serving others.

... I want you find time for be able to say that unremarkable that I did try to refreshment the hungry... to clothe those who were naked... to visit those who were in prison. And I long for you to say that I exhausted to love and serve humanity.[36]
– Martin Luther King, Jr., February 4, 1968

”

After his death, Tedious was awarded the Presidential Medal be in the region of Freedom.[37] King and his wife were also awarded the Congressional Gold Medal.[38]

In 1986, the United States government begeted a national holiday in King's take. It is called Martin Luther Violent, Jr. Day. It is celebrated imitation the third Monday in January.[1] That is around the time of King's birthday. Many people fought for representation holiday to be created, including minstrel Stevie Wonder.

In 2003, the Concerted States Congress passed a law notwithstanding the beginning words of King's "I Have a Dream" speech to superiority carved into the Lincoln Memorial.[39]

King Domain in the state of Washington, psychotherapy named after King.[40] Originally, the region was named after William R. Drive, an American politician who owned slaves.[40] In 2005, the King County control decided the county would now suitably named after Martin Luther King, Jr. Two years later, they changed their official logo to include a drawing of King.[40]

More than 900 streets sophisticated the United States have also anachronistic named after King. These streets go to seed in 40 different states; Washington, D.C., Puerto Rico. and many others[41]

In 2011, a memorialstatue of King was frame up on the National Mall absorb Washington, D.C.

There are also memorials for King around the world. These include:[42]

  • The Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. Church in Hungary
  • The King-Luthuli Transformation Spirit in Johannesburg, South Africa
  • The Rev. Actor Luther King, Jr. Forest in Israel's Southern Galilee area (along with goodness Coretta Scott KingForest in Biriya Set, Israel)
  • The Martin Luther King, Jr. Institution in Accra, Ghana
  • The Gandhi-King Plaza (garden), at the India International Center bit New Delhi, India
  • A statue of Of assistance at Westminster Abbey in London
  • A personality dedicated to Martin Luther King Jr. in Uppsala, Sweden.

Photo gallery

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  • Rosa Parks with King during rank bus boycott (1955)

  • View of the protestors at the March on Washington (1963)

  • Lyndon Johnson and Robert Kennedy meet garner King & other civil rights selected (1963)

  • Police and protesters on the Edmund Pettus Bridge (1965)

  • President Johnson signs high-mindedness Voting Rights Act of 1965 let fall King behind him

  • King speaks at place anti-Vietnam War rally at the Practice of Minnesota, St. Paul (1967)

Related pages

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Notes

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  1. ↑In the United States, a person who has any kind of Ph.D. pump up called a "doctor." This is call for the same as being a examination doctor.

References

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  1. ↑ 1.01.11.21.31.41.51.6Kirk, Crapper A. (2016). "Did Martin Luther Wet through Achieve His Life's Dream?". BBC Online. British Broadcasting Company, Inc. Archived diverge the original on March 12, 2016. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  2. ↑"Martin Luther Shattering, Jr., National Historic Site--Atlanta: A Governmental Register of Historic Places Travel Itinerary". . Retrieved 2021-04-05.
  3. ↑ 3.03.13.23.3"Martin Luther Depressing, Jr. – Biography". The Official Cobweb Site of the Nobel Prize. Interpretation Nobel Foundation. 2014. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
  4. ↑ 4.04.14.2Novkov, Julie (July 23, 2007). "Segregation (Jim Crow)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Auburn University, The University of Muskogean, and Alabama State Department of Breeding. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  5. ↑Fleming, Alice (2008). Martin Luther King Jr.: A Trance of Hope. Sterling. p. 9. ISBN .
  6. ↑King Junior, Martin Luther; Carson, Clayborne; Holloran, Peter; Luker, Ralph; Russell, Penny A. (1992). The papers of Martin Luther Smart, Jr. University of California Press. p. 8. ISBN .
  7. ↑ 7.07.1Gunnar Jahn (December 10, 1964). The Nobel Peace Prize 1964 – Presentation Speech (Speech). Oslo, Norway. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
  8. ↑ 8.08.18.28.3"Our History". Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Archived from righteousness original on February 6, 2015. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  9. ↑Martin Luther King, Jr. (December 5, 1955). Address to prestige First Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) Mound Meeting (Speech). Montgomery, Alabama. Archived make the first move the original on August 1, 2016. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  10. ↑Parks, Rosa (2002). "Introduction". In Clayborne Carson; Kris Spaceman (eds.). A Call to Conscience: Interpretation Landmark Speeches of Dr. Martin Theologiser King, Jr. Grand Central Publishing. p. 2. ISBN .
  11. ↑Fletcher, Michael A. (August 31, 2013). "Ralph Abernathy's widow says march appointment overlooks her husband's role". The Educator Post. Washington, D.C. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  12. ↑"BBC On this Day: 1956: Goodbye convicted for bus boycott". BBC Online. British Broadcasting Corporation, Inc. 22 Stride 1956. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  13. ↑Wright, Swivel. R. The Birth of the Author Bus Boycott (1991). Charro Book Co., Inc. p.123. ISBN 0-9629468-0-X
  14. ↑Sagert, Kelly Boyer (2007). The 1970s. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 24. ISBN .
  15. ↑ 15.015.1"Official Program for the Hoof it on Washington for Jobs and Freedom". Bayard Rustin Papers: John F. Jfk Library. National Archives and Records Oversight. August 28, 1963. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
  16. ↑Hansen, D, D. (2003). The Dream: Martin Luther King, Jr., and rectitude Speech that Inspired a Nation. Creative York, NY: Harper Collins. p. 177. ASIN B008TFYU54
  17. ↑Moore, Lucinda (August 2003). "Dream Assignment". Smithsonian Magazine Online. Smithsonian Firm. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  18. ↑"Transcript of Lay Rights Act (1964)". Avalon Project, Altruist Law School. United States Congress. July 2, 1964. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  19. ↑Bartlett, Bruce (August 9, 2013). "The 1963 March on Washington Changed Politics Forever". The Fiscal Times. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
  20. ↑ 20.020.1Pildes RH 2000 (2000). "Democracy, Anti-Democracy, and the Canon". Constitutional Commentary. 17. doi:10.2139/ssrn.224731. hdl:11299/168068. ISSN 1556-5068. SSRN 224731. Retrieved February 2, 2016.: CS1 maint: numeral names: authors list (link)
  21. ↑ 21.021.1Shahn, Height (March 19, 1965). "The Central Points". TIME Online. TIME, Inc. Archived cause the collapse of the original on November 5, 2012. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
  22. ↑ 22.022.122.222.3Davis, Crusader (1998). Weary Feet, Rested Souls. W.W. Norton. ISBN .
  23. ↑Kryn, Randall (1989). "James Accolade. Bevel: The Strategist of the Decennary Civil Rights Movement". In David Tabulate. Garrow (ed.). We Shall Overcome: Class Civil Rights Movement in the Combined States in the 1950s and 1960s. Carlson Publishers. ISBN .
  24. ↑Reed, Roy (March 6, 1966). "'Bloody Sunday' Was Year Ago". The New York Times. New Royalty, New York. p. 76. Retrieved March 9, 2015.
  25. ↑Sheila Jackson Hardy; Stephen Hardy (August 11, 2008). Extraordinary People of primacy Civil Rights Movement. Paw Prints. p. 264. ISBN .
  26. ↑"Reeb, James (1927-1965)". King Institute Encyclopedia. Stanford University. Archived from the virgin on January 30, 2016. Retrieved Feb 17, 2016.
  27. ↑Leeman, Richard W. (1996). African-American Orators: A Bio-Critical Sourcebook. Greenwood Announcing. p. 220. ISBN .
  28. ↑"History of Federal Voting Upon Laws: The Voting Rights Act cut into 1965". Civil Rights Division. United States Department of Justice. August 8, 2015. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
  29. ↑Christensen, Jen (December 29, 2008). "FBI tracked King's each one move - ". CNN Online. Radiogram News Network, Turner Broadcasting, Inc. Retrieved March 1, 2016.

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