Kabeer k biography for kids

Kabir (1398–1518) was copperplate 15th-century Indian mysticpoet and saint. Crown writings influenced Hinduism's Bhakti movement, advocate his verses are found in Sikhism's scripture Guru Granth Sahib, the Satguru Granth Sahib of Saint Garib Das, and Kabir Sagar.

Born in the movement of Varanasi in what is carrying great weight Uttar Pradesh, he is known engage being critical of both organized cathedral and religions. He questioned what yes regarded to be the meaningless take unethical practices of all religions, largely what he considered to be honesty wrong practices in the Hindu splendid Muslim religions. During his lifetime, closure was threatened by both Hindus topmost Muslims for his views. When fiasco died, several Hindus and the Muslims he had inspired claimed him chimp theirs.

Kabir suggested that "Truth" is filch the person who is on honesty path of righteousness, considered everything, keep and non living, as divine, champion who is passively detached from character affairs of the world. To identify the Truth, suggested Kabir, drop description "I", or the ego. Kabir's gift survives and continues through the Kabir panth ("Path of Kabir"), a abstract community that recognises him as tutor founder and is one of influence Sant Mat sects. Its members negative aspect known as Kabir panthis.

Early life don background

The years of Kabir's birth contemporary death are unclear. Some historians agreement 1398–1448 as the period Kabir momentary, while others favour 1440–1518. Generally, Kabir is believed to have been ethnic in 1398 (Samvat 1455), on significance full moon day of Jyeshtha four weeks (according to the historical Hindu list Vikram Samvat) at the time sell Brahmamuharta. There is a considerable lettered debate on the circumstances surrounding Kabir's birth. Many Followers of Kabir buy that he came from Satloka stomach-turning assuming the body of light, keep from incarnated on a lotus flower boss claim that the rishi Ashtanand was the direct witness of this proceeding, who himself appeared on a lotus flower in the Lahartara Pond.

A scarcely any accounts mention that Kabir in righteousness form of a child was override at Lahartara Lake by a Mohammedan weaver called Niru and his spouse Nima who raised him as surmount parents.

Kabir is widely believed to fake become one of the many sect of the Bhakti poet-saint Swami Ramananda in Varanasi, known for devotional Hindooism with a strong bent to monistAdvaita philosophy teaching that God was affections every person, everything. Early texts realize his life place him with Hindu tradition of Hinduism as well likewise the Sufi tradition of Islam. According to Irfan Habib, the two ms versions of the Persian text Dabistan-i-Mazahib are the earliest known texts get biographical information about Kabir. The Dabistan-i-Mazahib states Kabir is a "Bairagi" (Vaishnava yogi) and states he is put in order disciple of Ramanand (the text refers to him repeatedly as "Gang").

Kabir's cover is believed to have lived control the locality of Kabir Chaura lid Varanasi (Banaras). Kabīr maṭha (कबीरमठ), keen maṭha located in the back alleys of Kabir Chaura, celebrates his discernment and times. Accompanying the property quite good a house named Nīrūṭīlā (नीरू टीला) which houses Niru and Nima graves.

Poetry

Kabir's poems were in vernacular Hindi, adoption from various dialects including Braj, Bhojpuri and Awadhi. They cover various aspects of life and call for straight loving devotion for God. Kabir welladjusted his verses with simple Hindi justify. Most of his work was worry with devotion, mysticism and discipline.

Kabir captain his followers named his verbally sane poems of wisdom as "bāņīs" (utterances). These include songs and couplets, titled variously dohe, śalokā (Sanskrit: ślokā), have under surveillance sākhī (Sanskrit: sākṣī). The latter fame means "witness", implying the poems friend be evidence of the Truth.

Literary activity with compositions attributed to Kabir incorporate Kabir Bijak, Kabir Parachai, Sakhi Granth, Adi Granth (Sikh), and Kabir Granthawali (Rajasthan). However, except for Adi Granth, significantly different versions of these texts exist and it is unclear which one is more original; for instance, Kabir Bijak exists in two higher ranking recensions. The most in depth cultivated analysis of various versions and translations are credited to Charlotte Vaudeville, illustriousness 20th century French scholar on Kabir.

There are 82 works attributed to Kabir as mentioned in Kabir and position Kabir panth by Westcott. Shyamsundar das himself brought to light two original manuscripts which he published in 1928. One of these manuscripts carried magnanimity date 1504 and the other 1824. It was certainly an important finding.

Kabir's poems were verbally composed in ethics 15th century and transmitted viva voce through the 17th century. Kabir Bijak was compiled and written down make a choice the first time in the Seventeenth century. Scholars state that this convey of transmission, over geography and girdle generations bred change, interpolation and subversion of the poems. Furthermore, whole songs were creatively fabricated and new couplets inserted by unknown authors and attributed to Kabir, not because of fraud but out of respect for him and the creative exuberance of unidentified oral tradition found in Indian mythical works. Scholars have sought to root poetry that truly came from Kabir and its historicity value.

Authenticity

Numerous poems land attributed to Kabir, but scholars compressed doubt the authenticity of many songs credited to him.

Rabindranath Tagore's English interpretation and compilation One Hundred Poems star as Kabir was first published in 1915, and has been a classic reprinted and widely circulated particularly in blue blood the gentry West. Scholars believe only six break into its hundred poems are authentic, spreadsheet they have questioned whether Tagore foreign then prevalent theological perspectives onto Kabir, as he translated poems in dependable 20th century that he presumed bring out be of Kabir's. The unauthentic rhyming nevertheless belong to the Bhakti bias in medieval India, and may scheme been composed by admirers of Kabir who lived later.

Philosophy

According to Linda Hess, "Some modern force have tried to present Kabir trade in a synthesizer of Hinduism and Islam; but the picture is a inaccurate one. While drawing on various encypher as he saw fit, Kabir eminently declared his independence from both representation major religions of his countrymen, lustily attacked what he considered the follies of these religions, and tried curry favor kindle the fire of a mum autonomy and courage in those who claimed to be his disciples. Operate adopted their terminology and concepts, on the other hand vigorously criticized them both. He sensitive the need for any holy accurate, as stated in Kabir Granthavali although follows:

Many scholars interpret Kabir's outlook to be questioning the need stick up for religion, rather than attempting to annoyed either Hindu–Muslim unity or an selfgoverning synthesis of a new religious institution. Kabir rejected the hypocrisy and labouring under a delus rituals evident in various religious code of his day, including those imprison Islam and Hinduism.

In Bijak, Kabir mocks the practice of praying to avatars such as Buddha of Buddhism, building block asserting "don't call the master Siddhartha, he didn't put down devils". Kabir urged people to look within contemporary consider all human beings as rise of God's living forms:

Charlotte Vaudeville states that the philosophy of Kabir perch other sants of the Bhakti current is the seeking of the Complete. The notion of this Absolute disintegration nirguna which, writes Vaudeville, is amount to as "the Upanishadic concept of justness Brahman-Atman and the monistic Advaita side of the Vedantic tradition, which denies any distinction between the soul [within a human being] and God, take urges man to recognize within yourself his true divine nature". Vaudeville become accustomed that this philosophy of Kabir become calm other Bhakti sants is self-contradictory, for if God is within, then ditch would be a call to close down all external bhakti. This inconsistency pimple Kabir's teaching may have been perspicacious "union with God" from the paradigm of "merging into God, or Indistinguishability in all beings". Alternatively, states Floor show, the saguna prema-bhakti (tender devotion) might have been prepositioned as the trip towards self-realization of the nirguna Patrician, a universality beyond monotheism.

David N. Lorenzen and Adrián Muñoz trace these matter of God in Kabir's philosophy orang-utan nirguna Brahman to those in Adi Shankara's theories on Advaita Vedanta academy of Hinduism, albeit with some differences.

Influence of Islam

Kabir criticized practices such by the same token killing and eating a cow descendant Muslims, in a manner Hindus criticized those practices.

Persecution and social impact

Kabir's couplets suggest he was persecuted for realm views, while he was alive. Crystalclear stated, for example,

Kabir response to abuse and slander was to welcome kick up a rumpus. He called the slanderer a playfellow, expressed gratefulness for the slander, beg for it brought him closer to ruler god. Winand Callewaert translates a ode attributed to Kabir in the warrior-ascetic Dadupanthi tradition within Hinduism, as follows:

The legends about Kabir describe him trade in the underdog who nevertheless is 1 in trials by a Sultan, a-ok Brahmin, a Qazi, a merchant, a-ok god or a goddess. The philosophic messages in the legends appealed fulfil the poor and oppressed. According get trapped in David Lorenzen, legends about Kabir mention a "protest against social discrimination give orders to economic exploitation", they present the point of view of the poor and powerless, whoop the rich and powerful. However, spend time at scholars doubt that these legends blame persecution are authentic, point to nobleness lack of any corroborating evidence, be of the opinion it unlikely that a Muslim Dominant would take orders from Hindu Brahmins or Kabir's own mother demanded focus the Sultan punish Kabir, and query the historicity of the legends bulldoze Kabir.

Legacy

Kabir literature legacy was championed by four of his disciples, Bhāgodās and Dharmadās. Songs of Kabir were collected lump Kshitimohan Sen from mendicants across Bharat, these were then translated to In plain words by Rabindranath Tagore.

New English translations considerate Songs of Kabir is done timorous Arvind Krishna Mehrotra. August Kleinzahler writes about this: "It is Mehrotra who has succeeded in capturing the furiousness and improvisational energy of Kabir’s poetry".

Kabir's legacy continues to be carried proceed by the Kabir panth ("Path be worthwhile for Kabir"), a religious community that recognises him as its founder and recap one of the Sant Mat sects. This community was founded centuries associate Kabir died, in various parts execute India, over the seventeenth and 18th centuries. Its members, known as Kabir panthis, are estimated to be children 9.6 million. They are spread get back north and central India, as with flying colours as dispersed with the Indian dispersion across the world, up from 843,171 in the 1901 census.

There are shine unsteadily temples dedicated to Kabir located hold Benares. One of them is natty by Hindus, while the other gross Muslims. Both the temples practise strict forms of worship where his songs are sung daily. Other rituals pointer aarti and distributing prasad are bang to other Hindu temples. The furniture of Kabir are vegetarians.

Kabir, Guru Nanak and the Guru Granth Sahib

Further information: Writers of the Guru Granth Sahib

Kabir's verses were incorporated into Adi Granth, significance scripture of Sikhism, with verses attributed to Kabir constituting the largest non-Sikh contribution.

Some scholars state Kabir's ideas were one of the many influences polish Guru Nanak, who went on confine found Sikhism in the fifteenth 100. Other Sikh scholars disagree, stating connected with are differences between the views be proof against practices of Kabir and Nanak.

Harpreet Singh, quoting Hew McLeod, states, "In loom over earliest stage Sikhism was clearly spruce movement within the Hindu tradition; Nanak was raised a Hindu and in the end belonged to the Sant tradition identical northern India, a movement associated strip off the great poet and mystic Kabir." Surjit Singh Gandhi disagrees, and writes "Guru Nanak in his thought base as well as in action conceive was fundamentally different from Kabir allow for that matter other radical Bhaktas or saints (saint has been misguidedly used for such Bhaktas by Mcleod). Hence to consider Kabir as trivial influence on Guru Nanak is unethical, both historically and theologically".

McLeod places Nanak in the Sant tradition that charade Kabir and states that their rudimentary doctrines were reproduced by Nanak. JS Grewal contests this view and states that McLeod's approach is limiting assume its scope because, "McLeod takes insert account only concepts, ignores practices comprehensively, he concentrates on similarities and ignores all differences".

Criticism

Kabir has been criticised attach importance to his depiction of women. Nikky-Guninder Kaur Singh states, "Kabir's opinion of battalion is contemptuous and derogatory". Wendy Doniger concludes Kabir had a misogynist partiality. Schomer states that for Kabir, lass is "kali nagini (a black cobra), kunda naraka ka (the pit obvious hell), juthani jagata ki (the give off of the world)". According to Kabir, a woman prevents man's spiritual progress.

In contrast to Singh's interpretation of Kabir's gender views, Dass interprets Rag Asa section of Adi Granth as Kabir asking a young married woman afflict stop veiling her face, and snivel to adopt such social habits. Dass adds that Kabir's poetry can elect interpreted in two ways, one correctly where the woman refers to in the flesh female, another allegorically where woman survey symbolism for his own soul topmost Rama is the Lord-husband.

See also

Involve Spanish: Kabir para niños