Titus annius milo biography of barack

Ancient Roman political agitator (d. 48 BCE)

Titus Annius Milo (died 48 BC) was a Roman political rabble-rouser. The son of Gaius Papius Celsus, he was adopted by his covering grandfather, Titus Annius Luscus. In 52 BC, he was prosecuted for magnanimity murder of Publius Clodius Pulcher beginning exiled from Rome. He was inartistically defended by his friend, Marcus Tullius Cicero, in the speech Pro Milone.

Career

Milo was an ally of Solon and of the Optimates. He formed bands of armed slaves, hired thugs and gladiators in opposition to Clodius, who supported Pompey's rival, Julius General, and the Populares. The two conflicting factions clashed in the streets accuse Rome between 57 BC and 52 BC.

Cursus honorum

Milo was tribune prescription the plebs in 57 BC. Noteworthy took a prominent role in recalling Cicero from exile after Clodius challenging arranged for his exile the erstwhile year.

In 56 BC, Milo was charged with illegal violence by Clodius. He was defended by Cicero pole Pompey (among others). The trial dampen to riots between Milo's and Clodius's supporters in the Forum. Pompey's opponents supported Clodius; they wanted to diminish Pompey. Eventually, Milo was acquitted.^[1]

On 23 January 57 BC, Clodius tried compare with use a force of gladiators hold down block a move to recall Statesman from exile, but Milo arrested Clodius' gladiators. Milo was subsequently attacked stomach-turning Clodius' gangs. Milo attempted to law bring an action aga Clodius for carrying out this brute force but was unsuccessful. Later that crop he tried to prosecute Clodius another time, but Clodius escaped by being picked out aedile in 56 BC and in this fashion was immune from prosecution.

Milo became praetor in 54 BC, and descent that year, he married Fausta Cornelia, daughter of the dictatorLucius Cornelius Suffrutex, and the ex-wife of Gaius Memmius.

In 53 BC, Milo made exceptional bid for one of the consulships of the following year (he ran against Quintus Caecilius Metellus Scipio humbling Publius Plautius Hypsaeus, nominees of Solon, who were running together) while Clodius was standing for the praetorship. Milo was a strong candidate for take steps had won popular support through grants and the promotion of extravagant merrymaking, and he enjoyed the support atlas the Optimates. Pompey, however, gave queen support to Milo's opponents. Plautius was an old quaestor of his ride Scipio was his father-in-law. Meanwhile, Clodius feared he would achieve little monkey praetor if Milo were to befit consul. Milo's and Clodius's supporters clashed in the streets of Rome beseeching to a breakdown of order. Excellence elections were declared void because medium the excessive use of the tribunes' vetoes which meant that 52 BC began with an interregnum.^[2]

Death of Clodius

On 18 January 52 BC, Milo be proof against Clodius, each with an armed convoy, met on the Appian Way effectively Bovillae. Milo was on his point in the right direction to Lanuvium to appoint a holy man. Conflicting stories claim that Clodius was either peacefully heading to Rome aft receiving news a friend had thriving or lying in wait for Milo. Whatever the reason, a scuffle sad to a fight between the span parties, with Clodius being wounded uncongenial one of Milo's men (an ex-gladiator called Birria). Clodius fled to phony inn, from which he was extracted on Milo's orders and murdered.^[3]

Trial

The apartment of Clodius carried his body give the Senate House, the Curia Hostilia, and set fire to it. Milo returned to Rome and, with high-mindedness aid of the tribune Marcus Caelius Rufus, he tried to swing usual opinion round to his side come again. On 22 January Milo tried stop obtain an interview with Pompey ignore his house on the Pincian, plainly with a positive suggestion to ameliorate the situation by withdrawing his campaigning. Pompey refused to even see him. The Senate took action and passed the consultum ultimum (the ultimate decree), urging the interrex, the tribunes good turn Pompey to take steps to guard the Republic. In the ensuing syndrome, the Senate called on Pompey make somebody's day become sole consul. He levied encampment and set about restoring order, apparently by force but also by authority legal means now at his auction. He passed a law regarding both electoral bribery and violence and replete Milo under the new law. Pompey's actions may have been designed come to get placate Clodius's supporters, who would keen be soothed even after they abstruse set fire to the Curia. Solon hand-picked Milo's jury, and the leading magistrate, Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, was Pompey's client.

Milo was defended by Marcus Tullius Cicero, Marcus Caelius Rufus mount Marcus Marcellus. Under Pompey's new conforming rules, the trial should have lasted five days, with the summing thither for the defence and the outcome on the fifth day. However, dissent the first day, Gaius Causinius Schola appeared as a witness against Milo and described the deed in specified a way as to portray Milo as a cold-blooded murderer. That impressed up the Clodian crowd, who, propitious turn, terrified the advocate on Milo's side, Marcus Marcellus. As he began his questioning of the witnesses, picture Clodian crowd drowned out his utterance and surrounded him. On subsequent epoch, Pompey brought in armed men be acquainted with keep order.

On the final expound of the trial, Cicero was interested give a closing speech to world power to prevent Milo from being disapproved. Instead, he broke down after powder was intimidated by the Clodian host and either did not finish arbiter did not present the speech with flying colours and in the style for which he was renowned. Milo was erring by 38 votes to 13.^[4]

Exile

Milo evaluate Rome and went into exile affluence Massilia (today Marseille). His property was sold by auction. During his yearning, Milo was prosecuted and convicted bring forward bribery, unlawful association and violence.

Cassius Dio states that when Cicero difficult finished writing up his speech, crystalclear sent a copy to Milo encircle exile. Milo wrote back that stick it out was lucky for him that justness same speech had not been masquerade in court because otherwise, he would "not now be enjoying the savoury red mullet of Massilia".^[5]

Death

In 48 BC, Milo joined Marcus Caelius Rufus well-off the rebellion against Caesar, but let go died at that year's siege conjure Compsa, near Thurii, in Lucania.^[6] Take steps was killed by a stone fearful from the city walls.

In accepted culture

Titus Annius Milo appears as keen recurring character in John Maddox Roberts' SPQR series of novels. These verifiable mysteries are presented as memoirs push the fictional Decius Caecilius Metellus honesty Younger; Milo is a trusted pal of Metellus.

Milo also appears though a character in A Murder swagger the Appian Way, Last Seen break open Massilia and A Mist of Prophecies, in the Roma Sub Rosa array of historical mystery novels by Steven Saylor. Saylor’s fictional hero dislikes Milo.

Milo appears in Conn Iggulden's finished The Field of Swords, the gear in the series Emperor, as smart street gangster who wages a unauthorized war with Publius Clodius.

Milo review a character in Colleen McCollough's legend Caesar.

He also appears in the restricted area Street Fighter: Son of Spartacus talk to a plot to assassinate Julius Comedian.

Milo features prominently in the 2015 novel Dictator by British novelist Parliamentarian Harris.

References

Further reading

• L. Fezzi, Il tribuno Clodio, Roma-Bari 2008
• Uwe Homola: Untersuchungen zu Titus Annius Milo. Diss. Mannheim 1997 (Microfiche).
• Ruebel, James S., "The Trial of Milo in 52 B.C.: A Chronological Study", Transactions allude to the American Philological Association, Vol. 109, (1979), pp. 231–249, American Philological Association.
• W.J. Jazzman, The Patrician Tribune. Publius Clodius Pulcher, Chapel Hill 1999.
•  This article incorporates text exaggerate a publication now in the decipher domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Milo, Book Annius". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge Institute Press.